250 



POPULAR GARDENING. 



September, 



2,518. Baspberry AntliracnoBe. This disease is 

 at present very prevalent in the Raspberry- 

 growing sections of this state. It is known us 

 the ''Raspberry Cane Rust," and attaclts both 

 Raspberries and Blackberries. Its botanical 

 name is Gloeosporium venetum (Speg.) It at- 

 tacks both fruiting and non-fruiting canes or 

 suckers. On the latter it usually appears first 

 near the base, producing small purple spots that 

 are variously scattered around the cane. The 

 spots first formed rapidly increase in size, and as 



JAPANESE MAPLE. 



the fungus develops the center of each becomes 

 gra.vish-white in color. Surrounding each spot 

 is a slightly-raised, dark purple border, separat- 

 ing the healthy from the diseased tissues. The 

 course of develojiment is from the lower portion 

 of the cane upwards, so that at any time during 

 the growing season the tip of the cane shows 

 only the minute purple spots or early manifesta- 

 tions of thedisease, while towards its base are 

 found the older and larger spots. In au advanced 

 stage of the disease the spots coalesce or run to- 

 gether, and appear as irregular blotches, which 

 are frequently an Inch and a halt long, and 

 sometimes completely encircle the cane. The 

 direct damage to the tissues rarely e,\tends to 

 the pith; the greatest injury is confined to the 

 cambium layer, or the portion thnmgh which 

 the sap is conveyed in the prucfss of growth. 

 Thus, nearly the same effect is produced on the 

 cane by the action of the f uugus as would re- 

 sult to a living tree it girdled by the knife or 

 axe. The li\'ing tissues of the cane are prevented 

 from properly performing their work, and as a 

 result the canes become sickly; the leaves do not 

 attain more than half their normal size, arid if 

 fruit is formed at all, it never reaches its full de- 

 velopment, but ripens prematurely or simply 

 dries up and is worthless. If the young canes 

 are not killed the first year the continued action 

 of the fungus on the leaves and brunches pre- 

 vents the formation of truitthe succeeding year. 

 Soon after the appearance of the fungus on the 

 canes, the petioles of the oldest leaves are also 

 attacked. There appears near the base of the 

 petiole the purplish spots which always mark the 

 first development of the fungus. These are 

 similar in appearance to those on the canes al- 

 ready described. Gradually the ilisease spreads 

 along the petiole toward the leaf, and soon the 

 frame-work of the latter shows the whitish, 

 blister-like spots. The parasite usually confines 

 its attacks to one side of the petioles and veins, 

 which results in an unequal development, the 

 leaves Ijecome distorted, and their edges rolled 

 inwards towards the midrili. Frequentl.v the 

 pedicles of the fruit ai'e attacked, and this is 

 usuall.v followed by the complete drying up of 

 all the berries. The fungus produces spots on 

 the leaves similar to those on the canes, except- 

 ing that they are much smaller and more closely 

 approximated, but rarely coalescing. The in- 

 jury extends through the entire thickness of the 

 leaf, and frequently the diseased tissue separates 

 from the surrounding healthy part and the leaf 

 becomes riddled with holes. The treatment 

 recommended is to train and prune the plants in 

 such a manner that plenty of air and sunlight 

 will at all times be permitted to come in contact 

 Willi the canes. Kemovo all affected canes and 

 destroy them. Whether applications of fungi- 

 cides can be made with auy hope of keeping the 

 disease in check at a reasonable expense, is yet a 

 matter tor investigation. 



A New Work on Landscape 

 Gardenlngf. 

 Messrs. 6. P Piituam's Sons, New York, 

 have lately issued the handsomest, and in 

 certain respects the most useful work on 

 landscape gardening that has yet appeared 

 in America. It is written by Saiuuel Par- 

 sons, Jr., Superintendent of Parks, New 

 York, and whose father is one of the Par- 

 sons of nursery fame. Certainly few men 

 in America should be as well ciualifled 

 to speak upon this subject as the 

 present writer. 



The strength of Mr. Parsons' work 

 lies in what he terms " simple desult- 

 ory talks " on the trees, shrubs and 

 plants sttitable for lawn adornment; 

 its weakness is the absence, in a large 

 degree, of instructions for arranging 

 and constructing landscape gardens. 

 It is a work pertaining to materials 

 rather than to methods. But the author 

 disclaims having undertaken to cover 

 the entire subject systematically or 

 sufficiently, hence we find uo fault, 

 while heartily commending that which 

 was taken in hand and so well done. 



The general character and extent of 

 the talks on materials, may be inferred 

 when it is stated that the index covers 

 over 1,100 subjects. The main plan 

 of treating on trees and other embel- 

 lishing growths is the most excellent 

 one of grouping them according to 

 adaptability and season of chief at- 

 tractiveness. This serves greatly to 

 simplify the matter of making judic- 

 ious selections of lawn stock. There 

 are chapters on the following subjects: 

 Spring Effects on the Lawn; Trees 

 and Shrubs for June Effects; The 

 Flowers and Foliage of Summer; Au- 

 tumnal Color on the Lawn; Lawn Planting 

 for Winter Effect; Garden Flowers; Bedding 

 Plants; The Treatment of Sloping Grounds; 

 The Ornamentation of Ponds and Lakes, 

 and others. The trees, shrubs and plants 

 that properly come under each head are 

 taken up and their merits, uses and 

 comparative values discussed in a way 

 that is at once both charming and 

 instructive. Accompanying the text 

 are about 200 engravings of tree and 

 other subjects, which vary in quality 

 from the finest specimens of wood en- 

 graving and half-tone illustrative 

 work, to some rather questionable 

 stock cuts that are obtainable in the 

 market at a low cost. 



As an example of the author's style, 

 we extract the following: 



" First and foremost among the 

 hardy plants that minister to our en- 

 joyment of color in June are the 

 Maples. Not all the Maples are thus 

 highly gifted. The lawn that is 

 ornamented with these trees alone 

 has a rich variety of color, even 

 without flowers. 



Let tis look at these Maples. The 

 Sycamore (Acer Pscudo-platanus) 

 apparently has its color ready at hand 

 to sport in diverse varieties of silver, 

 gold and reddish purple. Sycamore 

 Maples, in their simplest type, have 

 red veinings and mid-ribs, and espec- 

 ially red leaf stalks. There are several 

 varieties of these variegated and pur- 

 ple-leaved Sycamores. The simple 

 purple-leaved is most effective, and is 

 peculiar because the strong purple tinge is 

 confined to the under side of the leaf, so that 

 in order to do it justice it should be seen 

 more or less ruffled by the wind. Then there 

 is the .silver variegated and golden tinged 

 varieties, and a fine distinct kind striped 

 and barred with gold and red and green. 

 There are other golden varieties variously 

 blotched and suffused with yellow; such as 



Leopoldii or lutesccns, and a purple-leaved 

 kind more variegated in tint than the one 

 generally termed Purple-leaved, and which 

 doubtless Is the best variety noteworthy for 

 that color. 



All these curiously and richly tinted 

 Maples are, however, peculiar only for the 

 short time their rich colors continue to be 

 striking. They come almost with June, 

 and go with .June, for the heat of midsum- 

 mer dulls them sooner than those of most 

 other trees, although the same heat acts un- 

 favorably on the abnormal purple and gold 

 color of nearly all deciduous leaves. 



But to realize the effect of rich color in 

 June we must turn to the varieties of Nor- 

 way Maple, Acer platanoUles, and to plat- 

 annides Schwcrdlcrli especially, with its 

 broad red-purple leaves. The leaves of the 

 Norway Maple, in any case, are massive and 

 noble. They are not, perhaps, larger than 

 those of the Sycamore, but they are more 

 numerous, have shorter stems, and are piled 

 together in a more effective manner. 



The purple Acer pJatanoidcs Schwerdlcrii 

 glows especially when viewed against strong 

 evening or morning sunlight. At such 

 times, its colors literally flash and sparkle. 

 June, or late May, again is the season to 

 which this Maple confines the display of its 

 charms. In size it resembles that of its par- 

 ent, the common Norway Maple. Usually, 

 however, variegated trees and shrubs are 

 apt to be more dwarf than the parent form. 

 Acer Lorbcrgii is another red-leaved Nor- 

 way Maple of considerable value, but less 

 attractive than A. Schwerdlcrii. 



I luust also mention here one of the most 

 interesting of Maples, Acer CoJchicvm ru- 

 br^lm, or more properly, Acer kvtuiii , a true 

 Japanese Maple, although sometimes sup- 

 posed to come from the region of the Cau- 

 casus. The great charm of this Maple lies 

 in the lovely tints of its young growth in 

 June. Young red leaves and leaf-stalks at 

 this season completely variegate the tree, 

 while at the same time we behold elegant 

 contours and refreshing green tints. Other- 



BHOTAN PINE. (Finus excolsa.) 



wise the tree is of medium size, and unfort- 

 unately, defective in hardiness while young 

 in many parts of the United States. Acer 

 Coh'hicnm rnhriim (levtum) is rare and 

 somewhat difficult to propagate, as well as 

 slightly tender, and therefore deserves a 

 position both prominent and protected. 



Maples generally make a most interesting 

 feature in June, whether for their young 



