WALLS. 27 



dispensable in the English climate. Indeed, in the north- 

 ern and higher parts of that country, where there is no 

 walled garden, the dessert can seldom consist of more than 

 small fruits, such as gooseberries, with some apples and 

 pears. So valuable in this respect are walls, that it is 

 perhaps a matter of surprise that they have not been mul- 

 tiplied by the erection of slight and cheap structures, 

 such as are common in the peach-gardens in France. The 

 north inclosure wall having, towards the interior of the 

 garden, a south aspect, is of course appropriated to the 

 more tender kind of fruit-trees; here, it is generally esti- 

 mated, they enjoy an increased temperature equal to 7° 

 of south latitude. The east and west walls are set apart 

 for fruits of a somewhat hardier character ; while the inner 

 face of the south inclosure wall, having a north aspect, is 

 well adapted for retarding Morella cherries and currants. 

 In the United States, walls are not indispensable, although 

 often beneficial. 



The north inclosure wall is generally placed nearly pei 

 pendicular to the meridian, that is, so as to have the sun di- 

 rectly in front at 12 o'clock. Minute directions have indeed 

 been given to make it face towards 11 or 11 1-2 A.M., on 

 the ground that thus it would sooner meet the rays of the 

 morning sun ; but it does not appear that this arrangement 

 has been the subject of direct experiment, and certainly 

 the arguments by which the superiority of this aspect is 

 supported are far from being satisfactory. The east and 

 west walls are commonly placed at right angles to that 

 already mentioned, but they may follow the shape of the 

 ground, and if this slope to the south, they descend with 

 the declivity. The south inclosure wall affords on the out- 

 side a valuable aspect to the south, which is deserving of 

 particular attention, the finest fruit being often here pro- 



