TRAINING. 



57 



nary vigor, cut back every winter to within fourteen inches 

 of the highest pair of branches ; a number of shoots are 

 produced in the beginning of each summer, out of which 

 three are selected : one is trained in the original direction 

 of the stem, and one on each side of it, parallel to the base 

 of the wall. By pinching off the point of the leading 

 shoot about midsummer, another pair may be obtained in 

 autumn. In luxuriant trees, the vertical shoot may be 

 left two feet in length, by which means, and by summer 

 pruning, four pairs of branches may sometimes be added in 

 one season. The great object, at first, ought to be to 

 draw the stem upwards : when it has reached the top of 

 the wall, it is made to devaricate into two, and the tree, 

 thus completed as to its height, is henceforth suffered to 

 increase in breadth only. Horizontal training is best 

 adapted to those trees which produce strong shoots, as the 

 Ribston Pippin apple, or the Gansel's Bergamot pear. 

 For the more twiggy kinds, the form represented in Fig. 7 

 is more suitable. In this the horizontal branches are 

 eighteen or twenty inches distant, and the small shoots 

 are trained in between them, either on both sides, as below 



a Fig. 7. b 



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