80 FRUIT GARDEN. 



common way of propagating the vine is by means of cut- 

 tings, which may be made a foot or more long, with a por- 

 tion of two year old wood attached. Or they may be 

 shortened to only one or two buds or eyes. Sometimes, 

 instead of covering only the lower end of the cutting, and 

 leaving one or more eyes above the soil, the piece of vine 

 is all covered under, a practice called cultivating by layers. 

 Plants raised from cuttings are generally preferred. These 

 should be selected a year before they are wanted, and 

 transferred to very large pots, by which means they will 

 be made strong rooted and vigorous. 



Another mode of raising from layers is to bend down a 

 vine or shoot into a hole dug about four inches deep, and 

 cover it up firmly with earth, leaving the growing extrem- 

 ity outside. In dry weather, occasional waterings will be 

 necessary. In the month of November, the layer will be 

 found to have taken sufficient root to admit of being sepa- 

 rated from the parent vine and planted wherever desired. 

 It should be cut down so as to show about two eyes above 

 the ground, only one of which should be allowed to grow 

 the first year. 



Grafting is sometimes resorted to, either on the stock 

 above ground, or on the main root just below the ground. 

 This succeeds best when the cion has been kept in a cool 

 place and kept back. Either whip, tongue, or wedge-graft- 

 ing may be adopted. 



Grafting of the Grape-vine. — One of the newest prac- 

 tices in horticulture is the grafting of the grape-vine with 

 detached cions, as introduced by Mr. William Gowans, the 

 judicious gardener at Cadder House, near Glasgow. It 

 has been found perfectly successful, and very convenient, 

 by some of the most distinguished practical horticulturists 

 in Scotland — Mr. Macdonald at Dalkeith, Mr. Smith at 



