GRAPE-VINE. 85 



effect, a rule which is applicable to all other plants or trees. 

 Hence, the judicious selection and application of manures 

 are important matters. Ground bones, horn shavings, old 

 woolen rags, the dust and dirt from paved roads and streets, 

 perfectly rotted stable manure, poudrette, are some of the 

 best. 



To believe 'that the vine will continue to bear to all 

 time, with no other nourishment than it receives from its 

 own refuse, is inconsistent with the revelations of recent 

 scientific researches. Organic chemistry shows us what 

 the fruit extracts from the soil, among which are large pro- 

 portions of phosphate of lime and potash. A portion of 

 the last may be restored by the return of the trimmings 

 and leaves. But ultimately the potash required by the 

 vine must be exhausted wherever there is not a granitic 

 soil to furnish it, by the decomposition of its felspar or 

 mica. As to the phosphate of lime taken away with the 

 fruit, scarcely any portion of which is returned by the vine- 

 wood and leaves, this must be supplied to the vine in some 

 form, or otherwise its productiveness must be very limited. 



Management of the Vine under Glass. — The vines may 

 be planted either on the inside or outside of the grapery, 

 to correspond with the rafters to which they are to be 

 trained. When on the outside, a bank of earth is to be 

 raised over the roots, and the vines brought under the 

 outer wall through appropriate notches. 



Training and Pruning. — The main stems are to be cut 

 off even with the bottom of the glass, and two shoots al- 

 lowed to start from it the first season, and if any fruit ap- 

 pears, one bunch may be allowed to grow on the strongest 

 shoot. Train the shoots up the rafters as high as they will 

 go, but do not top them when a third or half way up, as 

 some have advised. The succeeding winter lay the strong- 



