144 FRUIT GARDEN. 



ry Cider, which retains its flavor for many months. The 

 mulberry is propagated by cuttings or by layers, but, to 

 expedite the production of fruit, it is useful to inarch small 

 bearing branches on stocks prepared in flower-pots. Mul- 

 berry standard trees succeed only in the southern coun- 

 ties. These require no other training than an occasional 

 thinning out of the branches. They are generally planted 

 on grassy lawns, so that when ripe fruit falls from the 

 higher branches, it can be gathered up without having sus- 

 tained injury. In the middle districts, espalier rails may 

 be employed, particularly under the reflection of a south 

 wall. In colder situations, the mulberry must be treated 

 as a wall-tree ; and it has been recommended that the bear- 

 ing shoots should be trained perpendicularly downwards. 

 Mr. Knight strongly advises the forcing of this fruit in 

 flower-pots, much in the same way as is done with figs. 

 The mulberry as a fruit is little known in Scotland ; but 

 a few aged trees exist in old gardens, and in favorable sea- 

 sons afford their berries. 



The Hazel (Corylus Avellana), one of the indigenous 

 edible nuts of England, is the original parent of the red 

 and white Filbert, Cobnut, Crossford-nut, Frizzled, Span- 

 ish, and other improved varieties. These succeed best on 

 a rich dry loam, carefully worked, and receiving from time 

 to time a slight manuring. They are generally planted in 

 the slip, but thrive best in a quarter by themselves. The 

 varieties are propagated by layers or by suckers ; but 

 where there are stocks of the common hazel, the other kinds 

 may be grafted upon them. The Cosford is generally pre- 

 ferred, being thin-shelled, and having a kernel of high 

 flavor. If the Filbert or the Cosford be grafted on small 

 stocks of the Spanish nut, which grows fast, and does not 



