54 



MISC. PUBLICATION 194. U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



of cattle to an acre. A chain-type harrow is a good implement for the 

 purpose. It is desirable usually to have hogs running with cattle 

 that are fed whole grain, as they pick out the grain in the droppings 

 and also scatter them. 



Certain peculiar soil conditions, such as in the bluegrass region of 

 Kentucky and the Genesee Valley of New York, are especially well 

 adapted to the production of race horses. The conditions include 

 limestone soils rich in available calcium and phosphorus, and the 

 vegetation growing there contains these and other minerals in the 

 proper proportion and adequate quantities. 



Some locaUties are particularly well adapted for fattening cattle, 

 such as parts of southwestern Wisconsin, east-central Kansas, cen- 

 tral Kentucky, West Virginia, and southwestern Virginia. There 

 appear to be marked differences in the fat-producing qualities of 



Figure 13. — A rich limestone pasture of southwestern Virginia. Mature steers fatten here on grass alone, 



producing Good to Choice beef. 



grass, depending apparently on the character of the soil on which it 

 is growTi. Practically all the grass-fattened cattle are produced on 

 fertile limestone soils (fig. 13). Other kinds of soil may produce 

 luxm-iant grass, but the cattle fail to finish properly. 



In some cases, the kind of forage and the soil determine not only 

 the kind of hvestock but also the breed which is favored in a certain 

 locahty. For instance, in southern Ohio the fine-wool breeds, such 

 as the Delaine Merinos, have persisted because they graze the unusu- 

 ally steep hillsides better than other breeds. 



SHADE, SHELTER, AND WATER 



As farm animals may suffer from the heat of summer days, some 

 sort of shade should be provided (fig. 14). If there are not sufficient 

 trees or brush, sheds or other shelters should be built. If they are 

 for summer use only, ail sides should be left open. Poles, brush, and 



