78 



Insect. 



Plants injured or destroyed 

 by it. 



Birda eatinc it. 



Gypsy moth and brown-tail 



moth. 

 Codling moth. 



Tent caterpillar, . 



Forest tent caterpillar, 



Web worms, . 



Army worms. 



Cutworms, . 



Cankerworms and other geo- 



metrid caterpillars. 

 Cabbage worm. 



Beet worm 



Colorado potato beetle. 



Elm-leaf beetle, . 



May beetles and their young, 



the white grub. 

 Rose beetle, 



Cucumber beetle. 



Weevils, .... 



Click beetles and nireworms, 

 Plant lice. 

 Bark lice. 

 Scale insects, 

 Grasshoppers and locusts, 

 Crickets, 



Fruit, shade and forest trees, 



Parent of the apple worm which 



injures the fruit. 

 An apple and cherry pest, . 



Fruit, shade and forest trees. 



Fruit, shade and forest trees, 



Grass, corn, etc.. 



Nearly all crops. 



Injure fruit and other trees. 

 Cabbages, .... 

 Beets 



Destroys the potato and 



plant. 

 Kills elms 



Grass and garden plants, . 

 Roses and other plants. 



Destroys cucumber and squash 



plants. 

 Fruit, clover, grain, peas, beans, 



etc. 



Roots of many garden plants. 

 Plant life generally, . 

 Fruit and other trees. 

 Fruit and other trees. 

 Grass, grain and other crops. 

 Grass, grain, fruit, etc., 



Cuckoos, robin, bluebird, jay, 

 oriole, vireoe and many others. 



Woodpeckers, chickadee and 

 others. 



Cuckoos, jay, chickadee and 

 many others. 



Cuckoos, warblers, waxwing, ori- 

 ole and many others. 



Cuckoos, jay, chickadee and 

 many others. 



Robin, sparrows, bluebird, black- 

 birds and many others. 



Robin, catbird, bluebird, black- 

 birds, sparrows and many 

 others. 



Nearly all birds of orchard or 

 woodland. 



Song sparrow, chipping sparrow, 

 towhee. 



Chipping sparrow. 



Bobwhite, yellow-billed cuckoo, 



rose-breasted grosbeak. 

 Cedar waxwing, weoe, etc. 



Robin, blackbird, thrasher, cat- 

 bird, towhee and others. 

 Wood thrush, martin and others. 



Oriole, martin, phoebe, night- 

 hawk, etc: 



E^ten by very many birds, blue- 

 bird, oriole, downy woodpecker, 

 etc. 



Robin, sparrows, oriole, phoebe 

 and many others. 



Warblers, chickadee, sptarrowa, 



» thrushes and others. 



Nuthatches, chickadee, creep>er8. 



Chickadee, grosbeak, etc. 

 Practically all birds. 

 Many ground birds. 



This list might be extended almost indefinitely space permit- 

 ting, but it is not enough that birds eat these insects; they must 

 destroy large quantities of them or their services in checking the 

 swarms of insect life never will be appreciable. 



Number of Insects eaten by Birds. 



Often in examining the contents of birds' stomachs, remains 

 of so many insects are found in them that the number seems so 

 incredible as to indicate that these fragments must have re- 

 mained in the stomach for days; but experiments have shown 

 that food passes the entire digestive tract of a small bird in from 

 twenty minutes to an hour and a half, depending on the species 

 and the kind of food, and that they require several or many full 

 meals daily to keep up their high temperature, rapid circulation, 

 quick respiration, rapid digestion and unusual muscular activity. 

 Experiments have demonstrated, also, that many birds, partic- 



