FEEDING THE DOG 



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lower JAV 



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General sketch of anatomy of the dog as taken from the author's booklet 

 Anatomy of the Dog. 



The teeth are the hardest organs of the 

 body, deeply imbedded in the jaw bones. 



The first or milk or baby teeth, begin to 

 erupt as early as three weeks. All milk 

 teeth are completely broken out of the 

 gums by the age of five weeks. 



The change to permanent teeth begins 

 at four months and is ended at seven. The 

 molars are permanent teeth which begin 

 at four months and end at seven months 

 for their final apipearanee. 



The dog, whatever the breed or size, with 

 few exceptions, has 42 permanent teeth, 

 22 in the lower jaw and 20 in the upper. 

 See sketch. 



Teeth are named according to the size, 

 shape or purpose — twelve incisor or cut- 

 ting teeth, four canine teeth (or fangs, 

 two in each jaw, one on each corner and 

 the Tapper ones fitting outside the lower 

 ones — and strangely there are always the 

 six incisor teeth between the two canine 

 teeth), eighteen pre-molars, and eight 

 molars or grinders. 



The varying sizes and shapes of the dog's 

 teeth contrast with the greater uniformity 

 of the human teeth. 



In composition, the tooth has three dif- 

 ferent structures — the enamel, the thin 

 external white part, covering the crown 

 only ; the ivory or denture under the 

 enamel ; and the center, containing the 

 nerve and small blood vessels. 

 PHARYNX IS "STORM VESTIBULE" 



The pharynx is a vestibule or cavity be- 

 hind the mouth and at top of the neck. 

 It is attached to the base of the cranium 

 above while below is the larynx. It serves 



as passageway both for air and food. 

 Bones can easily become lodged here. 

 THE ESOPHAGUS HAS "WAVES" 



The esophagus or gullet is on the outside 

 of the neck, that is, above the trachea, 

 or windpipe ; when we rub the front of 

 the neck, we contact the gullet. About 

 midway, it turns behind the windpipe. 



It passes along the neck thru the chest 

 (above the heart), thru the diaphragm 

 and then quickly enters the stomach. 



As the dog swallows, the esophagus has 

 a wave-like movement toward the stom- 

 ach. In vomiting, the movement takes 

 place in the opposite direction. 

 "RUBBER" STOMACH 



We come now to the central and most 

 important member of the digestive system, 

 the stomach. It is large compared to 

 other internal organs and yet small in 

 consideration of the work it performs. 



The stomach might seemingly be made 

 of rubber as it can stretch considerably, 

 even to the extent of holding fully three 

 quarts in a dog of 40 pounds weight. But 

 this very elasticity deludes both humans 

 and dogs into believing they can load the 

 stomach with any excess amount of food. 



The dog has a sensitive stomach ; he 

 nauseates quickly and vomits readily. 

 INSIDE WALL OF STOMACH ROUGH 



The stomach has the shape of a curved 

 sack and lies immediately behind the 

 diaphragm and liver, which is somewhat 

 to the left side. 



The lining of the stomach is studded 

 with glands ; its surface is rough and 

 corded. An inflamed condition of this 

 lining brings on gastritis. 



The glands secrete pepsine and acid ; 



