66 HUMAN DISSECTION. ITS DRAMA AND STRUGGLE 



omy at Bologna in 1306 and died in 1326. At the school, he had 

 two assistants: Otto Agenius Lustralamus and a girl, Alessandra 

 / Giliani , both of whom served as prosectors. The latter was gen- 

 erally skillful but particularly so in dissecting arteries and veins. 

 She experimented with and became an expert at injecting these 

 vessels with colored pigments. 



In 1316, Mondino published a compendium, De Omnibus 

 Humani Corporis Interioribus Membris Anathomia, which was 

 only forty-four pages in length. It offered nothing new over Galen 

 or Avicenna and was apparently copied from them. Nevertheless, 

 /^it went through twentydLhi£e>..eddt^^ between A.D. 1478 and 

 1580 and was widely used in Italy and Germany. In this text, 

 his language is that of one who dissected frequently; he spoke 

 of making many experimental dissections. Anatomy at that time, 

 was apparently cultivated only as an appendage to surgery. 



The first sign of rebellion, on the part of the medical pro- 

 fession, against the restrictions and stigma placed on the supply 

 of cadavers, made its appearance shortly after the pioneering anat- 

 /omy of Mondino (A.D. 1315). In 1 319, four students were ap- 

 prehended and accused of resurrecting the body of a criminal 

 from its grave and transporting it to the school to be used for 

 dissection. There is no account of the final disposition of this 

 case. 



Mondino's radical method of teaching human anatomy started 

 a movement in Italy, which was to put this country in the fore- 

 front as a medical center. As the word spread of the innovation, 

 medical men, teachers and students from Italy and other coun- 

 tries journeyed to the University of Bologna for purposes of study 

 y (Dempster, '34; Pilcher, '06). 



5. The University of Montpellier 



This institution was founded in A.D. 1180 and rivaled the 

 school of Salerno in the quality of its instruction and research. 

 By order of a Papal Bull, a medical department was established 

 in 1220 and it now ranks as the oldest in the world. Today, the 

 faculty of medicine occupies the edifices of the Benedictine Abbey 

 founded by Urban V in 1364. Jewish and Arabian physicians had 



