Vatal cavity 



ANATOMY OF THE DOG— 8 



Ultxitf (9iaptea<9a) 

 / StornMh 





(iCJ 



GENERAL ANATOMICAL SKETCH OF THE DOG 



the intestines are not under control of the 

 brain ; they move without any consciousness 

 on the part of the brain ; they are termed 

 involuntary. 



The shapes of the muscles vary greatly ac- 

 cording to use or location in the body. They 

 may be long or short, broad or narrow, cir- 

 cular or of other shapes. 



Two Ends of Muscle 



A muscle is made up of two parts — the red 

 fleshy portion and a white tendinous portion ; 

 the latter may be round or flat. The muscle is 

 attached at one end known as the origin while 

 the other end, not fixed, is termed the inser- 

 tion and is the movable part of the muscle. 

 Protective Covering for Muscle 



The loose fibrous tissue called fascia lies 

 between the muscles themselves and between 

 the muscles and the skin. Also the synovial 

 sheath covers the tendon and contains a lubri- 

 cating fluid to assist movement. 



It is not feasible in this broad, elementary 

 discussion of anatomy to list the various mus- 

 cles (approximately 660, forming about two- 

 fifths of the body weight). 



Muscles the Basis of Strensth 



The muscles are the controlling factor in 

 the gait and movement of the dog and fur- 

 nish the resistance of the dog to any counter 

 movement. In general they produce the 

 strength, vitality and ability of the dog to 

 take care of himself. 



We can "Fed" Muscles 



The muscles lie very close beneath the skin 

 and consequently can be massaged by external 

 application. 



"Come-and-Go" Action 



It is to be noticed that muscles appear al- 

 ways in pairs, that is, one part must act in 

 opposition to the other. When one part con- 

 tracts, the other must relax. When the 

 muscle in the front of the arm contracts, that 

 on the back must relax. 



Muscles and External Beauty 



The well-muscled, firm-muscled dog con- 

 trasts to the dog with flabby muscle and soft, 

 sagging flesh. The muscles more clearly re- 

 veal the outlines of the body, showing more 

 readily the surface contour. The relative posi- 

 tion of one part of the body to another is made 

 more evident by the muscles. 



///. THE CIRCULATORY OR BLOOD SYSTEM 



The circulatory or blood system of the dog 

 is a network of vessels running thruout the 

 body ; into these vessels or tubes the heart 

 pumps the blood in regularly measured pulsa- 

 tions. 



This system might be called also the blood 

 vascular system. It comprises four parts — 

 heart, arteries, capillaries, veins. 



Listening to the Heart 



The sound of the heart is one of valves 

 opening and closing. The contraction of the 

 heart is named systole, the reverse action 

 diastole. 



There are two sounds — one as the blood is 

 driven into the arteries : the valves close and 



