ANATOMY OF THE DOG— 12 



Forehead 



Muzzle 

 Nose 



EXTERIOR. 



ANATOMICAL PARTS 



OFTHE DOG 



C roup(R.amp) 



/ 



/Tail I or Stc rn 



UpperThi^h 



LowerThi6h 



Breechin6 



third (lipase) further emulsifies and saponi- 

 fies fats and splits them into fatty acids and 

 the like. 



The small intestine also secretes juices 

 which help considerably in digestion. 

 Prevalence of Bacteria in Bowel 



In the largre intestine there are only macera- 



tion and decomposition, in which bacteria play 

 an important part. 



The waste products pass on to the rectum 

 and leave the body thru the anus at inter- 

 vals, at least twice daily in the normal adult 

 dog. 



V. THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM 



We do not speak here of the expulsion of 

 waste products out of the large intestine but 

 of waste and impure products which are elimi- 

 nated from the body by means of the excretory 

 organs, which are lungs, kidneys and skin. 

 Waste and Poison Removers 



The lungs exhale carbonic acid gas and 

 watery vapors. 



The kidneys excrete the waste of nitrogen 

 such as urea and soluble salts. 



Dog's Skin Sweats Little 



The skin eliminates water but not to any 

 extent in the dog. This decided difference be- 

 tween the dog and the human is the basic 

 cause of much of the skin disease in the dog. 

 Hair and Nails are Skin 



The skin of the dog is mostly a protective 

 organ. It has two layers — the epidermis or 

 outer, and the dermis. 



The hair and nails are formed from modi- 

 fied cells of the outer layer. 



Inner Skin is Complex 



^ The inner layer or dermis is a connecting 



tissue containing glands, blood, Isnmph vessels 



and nerves of the skin. There are two kinds 



of glands in the dermis, namely sebaceous. 



which secrete an oily substance which in turn 

 lubricates the hair and gives it sheen and 

 liveliness ; and the sweat glands, which are 

 plentiful on the pads of the dog, but perspira- 

 tion from the surface of the dog's body is 

 practically nothing at all. 



Kidneys as Strainers 



The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, 

 one to the right and the other to the left of 

 the backbone and lying at the roof of the 

 abdomen. 



The kidneys are tubular glands consisting 

 of many tubules, each of which commences at 

 the cortex and ends in the pelvis. There is a 

 network of capillary blood vessels around each 

 tubule; thru the walls of these the waste 

 products escape from the blood stream into the 

 kidney. 



Kidney Originates Urine 



As the urine collects in the pelvis or the 

 lower part of the kidney, it finds its way thru 

 the ureter into the bladder. 



Bladder is Reservoir 



The bladder is a storage tank for urine, 

 expelling it into the urethra when the sac is 

 full, by contraction of the muscular wall. The 



