1624 



Iir.MAN ANATOMY. 



FIG. 1376. 



gland they decrease in number towards the fundus, in which locality they may be 

 almost absent. Their protoplasm is finely granular and lighter than that of the chief 

 cells. The parietal cells, although apparently excluded by the central ones, are con- 

 nected with the gland-lumen by means of lateral intercellular secretion-capillaries ; 

 the latter extend from the axial space to the peripherally situated elements, over 

 which they form characteristic basket-like net-works. 



The pyloric glands, branched tubular in type, differ from the fundus glands 

 in the excessive width and depth of their excretory ducts, into which a group of 

 relatively short but very tortuous gland-tubules opens, and in the simple character of 



their lining. The latter consists of 

 a single layer of low columnar or 

 pyramidal elements, which corre- 

 spond to and resemble the chief 

 cells of the fundus glands. Their 

 secretion often reacts as mucus 

 (Bensley). Owing to the tortuous 

 course of the pyloric tubules, the 

 deeper parts of the glands are cut 

 in all planes, portions of the same 

 tubule often appearing as isolated 

 transverse, oblique, or longitudinal 

 sections. The transitional or in- 

 termediate zone connecting the py- 

 loric and adjoining portions of the 

 stomach contains both forms of 

 glands, those of the fundus variety 

 with parietal cells being intermin- 

 gled with the pyloric type. Towards 

 the intestine the change of the py- 

 loric glands into those of the duo- 

 denum is gradual, the gastric tubules 

 sinking deeper until, as the glands 

 of Brunner, they occupy the sub- 

 mucous coat of the intestine. 



The cardiac glands form a 

 narrow annular group, some 5 mm. 

 broad, surrounding the orifice of 

 the gullet, into which they are con- 

 tinued for a short distance (page 

 1612). These glands, which in some 

 animals constitute a much wider 

 zone (in the hog almost a third of 

 the entire stomach), are to be re- 

 garded as modified fundus glands 

 (Oppel), since they possess similar 

 epithelium, including usually a few 

 parietal cells. Their excretory ducts 

 or crypts, lined with the gastric 

 epithelium, often exhibit ampulla- 

 like dilatations. Among the typi- 



Chief cell 



Parietal cell 



Dee] 



..i 



mi fundus, showing two 

 i-flU ami secretion-capillaries connecting pari- 



etal cells with lumen, x 423. cal tubules are a few shorter ones 



which recall the glands of Lieber- 



kiihn of the intestine, since they contain goblet-cells and exhibit a cuticular border 

 . J. S--h.il! 



The slrnnia or tunica propria of the gastric mucous membrane consists of a 

 loosy til>ro-el.istic i-onnertive tissin- containing numerous cells and resembling lym- 

 phoiil tissue, which tills the interstices between the glands and, in conjunction 

 with the extensions of the muscularis mucosa?, forms envelopes and partitions for 

 the groups of tubules constituting the deeper parts of the gastric glands. In 



