HUMAN ANATOMY. 



FIG. 1723. 



Peritoneum 



,Vas deferens 

 Deep epigastric vessels 



Sac of 



Peritoneum 

 Tunica va. 



Intel-columnar 



h eh 



Skin and d.utos 



Diagram 



procuus vaginali*. winch 



it-al Mcof abdomen. 



Vas deferens 

 -V- Epididymis 

 m Testis 



4 Scrotal 

 ' ligament 



.ended testicle to 

 ammunicaU-s with 



(After Waldeyer.) 



some- 

 times not until afterward, the tubular 

 upper segment of the peritoneal sac 

 closes normally during the early months 

 of childhood. This closure takes place 

 first in the vicinity of the internal ab- 

 dominal ring and in the middle of the 

 tube, passing upward towards the ring 

 and downward to within a short distance 

 of the sexual gland. The occluded 

 portion of the vaginal process is later 

 represented by a small fibrous band (lig- 

 amentum vaginale) that extends from the 

 internal abdominal ring above, through 

 the inguinal canal and for a variable dis- 

 tance down the spermatic cord, some- 

 times, although not commonly, as far as 

 the tunica vaginalis. When the pro- 

 cessus vaginalis fails to close, as it oc- 

 casionally does in man and always in 

 certain animals, as the rat, in which de- 

 scent and retraction of the testis periodically occur, the serous sac surrounding the tes- 

 ticle communicates throughout life with the peritoneal cavity, a condition favorable to 

 the production >f hernia. With the obliteration of the lumen of the processes vaginalis, 

 an inguinal canal, in the sense of a distinct tube, disappears, the spermatic duct and 

 ited vessels and nerves, that necessarily share in the migration of the sexual gland 

 into the scrotum, passing between the muscular and fascial layers of the abdominal wall 

 embedded in connective tissue. The remains of the shrunken genito-inguinal liga- 

 ment, or gubernaculum, are represented by a fibre-muscular band, the scrotal liga- 

 ment, that connects the lower end of the epididymis to the scrotal wall (Fig. 1650). 

 Descent of the testicle may be imperfectly accomplished, so that the gland, failing 

 to reach the bottom of the scrotal sac, may be arrested within the inguinal canal or 

 spermatic cord, or permanently retained within the abdomen, a condition known as 

 cryptorchism, usually leading to atrophy of the gland. Associated with faulty descent 

 may be anomalous situation, the testis 

 lying beneath the integument near the 

 external abdominal ring, in the thigh, or 

 in the perineum. After descent the axis 

 of the testicle may be abnormally di 

 reeled, the gland assuming ,\ transverse, 



'n inverted position. 



Differentiation of the Female 



Type. Development of female internal 



reproductive organs proceeds along the 



same lines a^ in the male, theovarv in-ino 



differentiated from the imlitterent sexual 



. ami the vvnital canals from the 



i ami Woltli.in du< 

 I )inVrenti.ui. .11 of the , ,\ at v lias been 

 described i tion with that 



(page That of the Fallopian 



:na reMilt?, iiom 



N 



FIG. 1723. 



Peritoneum 



Vas deferens 



Deep epigastric vessels 



Closed portion of 

 processus va^inalis 



Cremaster 



Infunilit.uliform fascia 

 Sc of tunica vaginalis- - 



Vis.eral layer 

 il laver 



Skin and dartos 



further growth. IUMOII, and 



of the Mulleiian .hi. Clients 



alums oi testicle to serous inetn- 

 ii i M r--sus\ ay inal is has closed, its 

 s tunica vajjinalis. 



11 th '- 1 - llt ; : ; ">< "t "i the ligament of the ovary (page 2040), undergo 



""" bt Theif upper segments remam unfused and be- 



tttba d HKM- cbangcs are given under the respective organs. 





