xii CONTENTS 



CHAPTER VI 



THE STRUCTURE OF THE MOTOR ORGANS 



PAGE 



Motion in animals. The muscles. Histology of skeletal muscle. Struc- 

 ture of the smooth muscles. Cardiac muscular tissue. Ciliated cells. 

 The physico-chemistry of skeletal muscle. The chemistry of muscular 

 tissue. Rigor mortis 78 



CHAPTER VII 



MUSCULAR ACTIVITY 



The study of isolated muscles. The necessity of stimulation. A simple 

 muscular contraction. The influence of increasing stimulation strength. 

 The influence of temperature. Heat rigor. The measure of muscular 

 work. Influence of the form of the muscle on its working power. The 

 beneficial effect of exercise. The nature of fatigue. The response to rap- 

 idly repeated stimuli. Tetanus. Voluntary muscular contraction. The 

 electrical phenomena of muscle. The source of muscular energy. The 

 chemistry of muscular contraction. The energy relationships of contract- 

 ing muscle. Muscular efficiency. Energy units. The energy output of 

 muscle. Significance of lactic acid in the contraction process. Summary 

 of the contraction process. Oxidation in muscle. Hormone of skeletal 

 muscle. Physiology of smooth muscle. Mechanism of contraction of 

 smooth muscle. Physiology of cardiac muscle 93 



CHAPTER VIII 



THE USE OF MUSCLES IN THE BODY 



Special physiology of the skeletal muscles. Levers in the Body. Loss 

 to the muscles from the direction of their pull. The equilibrium of oppos- 

 ing muscles. Functional muscle groups. Posture. Locomotion. Pre- 

 hension. Hygiene of the muscles. Varieties of exercise ....: 118 



CHAPTER IX 



ANATOMY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 



General statement. Nerve impulses. Neurons. Synapses. The mye- 

 lin sheath. The central and peripheral nervous systems. Membranes of 

 the central nervous system. Ventricles of the brain and central canal of 

 the spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid. The spinal cord. The brain. The 

 spinal nerves. Cranial nerves. White and gray matter. The sympathetic 

 or autonomic system 135 



