624 APPENDIX 



Mesentery. This is a duplicature of peritoneum supporting the 

 different portions of the small intestine. It is a double-walled 

 membrane and carries blood-vessels and lymphatics. 



Mesenteric Glands. The so-called mesenteric glands belong to 

 the lymphatic system. They are between the layers of the mesen- 

 tery and are especially large near the caecum. 



Internal Structure of the Stomach. Open the stomach and wash 

 out its contents. It is composed of a muscular coat covered by 

 the peritoneum, and an internal, mucous coat, which is thrown into 

 folds or rugce. 



Interior of the Small Intestine. Open and wash in water. It is 

 composed of three coats like the stomach. It has a velvety feel 

 due to villi, which are microscopic finger-like processes found only 

 in the small intestine and most abundantly in the upper part. 



Interior of the Ccecum. Open the caecum and observe the ileo- 

 caecal valve. 



Interior of the Large Intestine. Wash the contents out. The 

 structure of the large intestine is like the small, excepting that it 

 has no villi. 



The Liver. The liver is a deep red and multi-lobular organ oc- 

 cupying nearly all the upper part of the abdomen but especially the 

 right side. It is supported in various parts by folds of peritoneum. 

 It is composed of right and left lobes, each of which is subdivided 

 into smaller lobes by fissures. The cystic lobe is one of the divi- 

 sions of the right lobe near the front, and contains the gall-bladder. 



If good sections are available the gross study outlined above 

 may be followed by microscopic studies of the structure of the 

 stomach wall, the small intestine, salivary gland, pancreas, and 

 liver. 



STUDY OF FOODS 



Carbohydrates. The food carbohydrates are starch, glycogen, 

 dextrin, double sugars, single sugars. 



The following experiments illustrate tests for the different 

 carbohydrates, and the application of these tests to different foods 

 to determine which of the carbohydrates is present. 



Test for Starch. To a solution of starch add a drop or two of a 

 solution of iodine. A deep blue color shows the presence of starch. 



Various foods such as potato, bread, egg white, may be tested 



