ENGELMANNIA PINNATIFIUA. CUT-LEAVED ENGELMANN FLOWER. I I 



exterior row the shortest, and all abruptly narrowed at 8. The 

 "receptacle flat" (8) shows a slight variation — "flattish" might 

 answer, but scarcely flat. At 9 we have the persistent chaff, 

 foliaceous, and with hairy tip, partly enclosing the sterile flower 

 (10); those adherent to the involucral scale we see at 11. The 

 oblong ligule of the ray floret we have at 12, and the sterile one 

 (10) dilated, that is swelling, upward and fine-toothed. At 13 

 we have the undivided hispid style. The akene or seed we 

 need not number, but its equal length to the scale on the back, its 

 form, with the one ridge in front, as it is crowned with the 

 fringed scales, are accurately given. 



By tracing thus how well botanist and artist have done their 

 several parts, we are able at the same time to aid the student, by 

 the references, to a familiarity with the various parts of the 

 flower. The difference between the ray floret (10) and the 

 fertile floret (12) is very striking. The perfect pistil (14) we 

 see is deeply divided into two branches, while in the disc floret 

 the pistil (13) develops no further than to a mere thread incapable 

 of performing any function. The mass of stamens, however, 

 which we see at 15, perfect pollen, and it is from these that the 

 stigmas (14) receive it. Most of the composite plants we have 

 so far had occasion to figure have had fertile disc florets, and 

 the chance to study a case where the facts are reversed will be 

 very interesting to the student. 



Torrey and Gray, from the work we have quoted, say: "Ihis 

 genus intermediate between Silphium and Parthcniiuu, is dedi- 

 cated to our esteemed correspondent, Dr. George Engelmann, 

 of St. Louis, Missouri, who has for several years assiduously 

 studied the plants of Missouri, Arkansas, etc., and made valu- 

 able contributions to many European collections, as well as to 

 this work." This was in 1840. Since then Dr. Engelmann has 

 added immensely to his botanical fame, by continuous and valua- 

 ble botanical work. Although a physician in extensive practice, 

 he takes up, between the times spent in professional duties, 

 special and difficult genera, and thoroughly masters tJKMn. Thus 



