ILLUSTRATIONS IN V0LU5IE FIRST. 



FROM ORIGINAL DRAWINGS BY E. HEYN, H. v. KONIGSBRUNN. E. v. RANSONNET, 

 J. SEELOS, F. TEUCHMANN, 0. WINKLER, AND OTHERS. 



i 



Seedlings with Cotyledons and Foliage-leaves, - 9 

 Metamorphoses of Leaves as exhibited by the Poppy, 1 1 

 Goethe's "Urpflanze", - - - - - 12 



Vegetable Cells, 22 



Protoplasm inclosed in Cells, - - - - 25 

 Cell-chambers, showing Intercellular Spaces and 



Intercellular Substance, - - - - 27 



Swimming Protoplasm, - - - - - 29 



Pulsating Vacuoles in the Protoplasm of the large 



Swarm-spores of Ulothrix, - • • - 31 



Creeping Protoplasm, 32 



■Connecting Passages between adjacent Cell-cavities, 45 

 Linaria Cymbalaria dropping its Seeds into Clefts 



in the Rocks, 53 



Absorptive Cells on Root of Penstemon, - - 87 

 Centrifugal and Centripetal Transmission of Water, 94 

 Irrigation of Rain-water in Plants, - - - 97 

 Aerial Roots of a Tropical Orchid assuming the 



form of straps, - - - - - 107 



Transverse section through absorption-roots of 



Saprophytes, - - - - - - 115 



Bladderworts, 120 



Traps of Utricularia neglecta, - - - - 121 



Spinous Structures in the Pitfalls of Carnivorous 



Plants, 124 



Sarracenia purpurea, . . . . . 125 



Ascidia-bearing and Pitcher-plants, - - • 127 

 Cephalotus follicularis, ■ • - - - 131 

 Young Nepenthes plants, - - 132 



Nepenthes dtstillatoi'ia, - • - • - 133 

 Glandular structures in the Toothwort, Bartsia, 



and Butterwort, 137 



Tentacles on leaf of Sun-dew, - • - - 145 

 Venus's Fly-trap (Dioncea muscipula), ■ - 148 

 Capturing apparatus of the leaves of Aldro- 



vandia and Venus's Fly-trap, - - - 150 



Aldrovandia vesiculosa, ----- 15] 

 The Fly-catcher (Drosophyllum lusitanicum), -155 

 Lonicera ciliosa in South Carolina, - - - 160 

 Hyphse of Parasitic Fungi, - - - - 165 



Parasites on Hydrophytes, - - - - 109 



Seedlings of Parasitic Plants, - - - - 173 

 Cuscuta Europcrn parasitic on a Hop-stem,- - 175 

 Bastard Toad-fla.x {Tliesium alpinum), - - 177 



Toothwort [Lathrcea Squamaria), with suckers 



upon the roots of a Poplar, - 

 Lanr/sdorffia hypogcea, from Central America, 

 Parasitic Bdlanophorete (Scybalium fungifor 



and Balanophora Hildenhrandtii), 

 Parasitic Balanophorese {Rhopalocnemis phalloidcs 



and Helosis gujanensis). 

 Parasitic Balanophoreae {Lophophytum mirabile 



and Sarcophyte sanguinea), - 

 Cytinus Hypocistus and Cynomorium coccineum 

 Rafflesiaeese parasitic on trunks and branches, 

 Parasitic Rafflesiacea upon a Cissus-root, - 

 Rafflesia Padma, parasitic on roots upon the sur 



face of the ground, - . - . 



The European Mistletoe ( Viscum album), - 

 Bushes of Mistletoe upon the Black Poplar in 



winter, ....--- 

 Loranthus Europaus and Mistletoe ( Viscum 



album) — ^both parasitic on branches of trees, 



and seen in section. A piece of Fir-tree 



perforated by the sinkers of a Mistletoe, 

 Porous Cells of Fork-moss, Bog-moss, and an 



Orchid root, - - - - 

 Aerial Roots of an Orchid epiphytic upon bark 



of the branch of a tree. 

 Aerial Roots with root-hairs. 

 Hairs and Leaves which retain Dew and Rain, 

 Cauline and Capitate Hairs, 

 Absorption of Water by Foliage-leaves, 

 Absorptive Cavities and Cups on Foliage-leaves, 

 Water-receptacles in Plants, 

 Gelatinous Lichens, - - - - - 

 Fruticose and Foliaceous Lichens, 

 Roots with Mycelial Mantle; Mycelium entering 



into the external cells, 

 Olive Grove on the Shores of Lake Garda, - 



Transpiring Cells, 



Spongy Tissue of Franciscea eximia and Daphne 



Laureola, ..--■• 

 Curypha umbraculifera of Ceylon, 

 Stomata of Nephrodium Filix-mas and Peperomic 



arifolia, ------ 



Protection of Stomata from Moisture by Papilla 



like outgrowths of the Surface, - 



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