ILLUSTRATIONS. 



737 



739 



741 



Page 

 Temale Cone and Scales in Abietineas, - - 721 

 Flowers, &c., of Mountain Pine (Pinus Pumilio), 722 

 The Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris), - - - 723 

 The Arolla Pine (Pinus Cembra), • - - 724 

 Wehcitschia mirabilis in its natural surroundings, 727 

 Liliiflorae: Examples of the Lily Alliance, - - 729 

 Asjjhodelus ramosus at Paestum (Southern Italy), 730 

 The New Zealand flax (Phormium tenax), - - 731 

 Adam's Needle ( Yucca gloriosa), - - - 732 



^chmea paniculata (family Bromeliacese), - - 733 

 The Traveller's Tree (RavenalaMadagascariensis), 735 

 Angrcecum eburneum, an Orchid epiphytic on a 

 tree-trunk, --.--.. 

 ■Curled Pondweed (Potamogeton crispus), 

 Primeval forest in Ceylon with Climbing Palms 



(Calamus) and Areca disticka, 

 Aroids (Arum Tnaculatum, Colocasia antiquorum, 



&c.), 742 



Eaphidophora decursiva climbing in a primeval 



forest of the tropical Himalayas, - - 743 



Climbing Aroids (Philodendron pertusum and P. 



Imbe) with cord-like aerial roots, - - 744 



Papyrus Plant (Papyrus antiquorum) in the Upper 



Nile, 747 



Marvel of Peru (Mirabilis Jalapa), - - - 749 

 Proteales: Flower and Fruit of Banksia, - - 751 

 Daphnales: Camphor, Flowers of Cinnamon and 



Mezereum, .--.--- 753 

 "Living bridge" formed of the aerial roots of 

 the India-rubber and other kinds of Figs in 

 Sikkim-Himalaya, ..... 



Amentales: Catkins of Birch and Hornbeam, 

 Flowers and Fruit of Oak (Quercus sessilijlora), - 

 The Common Beech (Fagus sylvatica), 

 ■Caprifoliales : Ipecacuanha (Cephaelis Ipecacu- 

 anha), ....... 



Ericales : Flowers and Fruit of Strawberry-tree 

 (Arbutus Unedo), ..... 



Acanthacese: Acanthus mollis, • 

 Eanunculaceae : Black Hellebore and Mousetail 

 The Indian Lotus (Nelumbium speciosum), grow- 

 ing in a marsh, near Pekin, 

 Parietales: sections of flower-bud and ovary, 

 Disciflorae: Euonymus, Quassia, &c., - 

 Crateranthas: sections of flowers, 

 Myrtales: Flower of Melaleuca; Flower-bud and 



Fruit of Eucalyptus, - 

 Melastomaceae: Melastoma Malabatliricum, 

 Cactacese: several species of Cactus, - 

 Umbellales: Umbellifers with Fruit and Flowers, 

 Fairy Rings in a meadow near Trins in the Tyrol, 

 formed by the ascomycetous fungus Spathu- 

 laria flavida, ...... 



Plants with tubers and bulbs whose mode of 

 growth leads to the formation of colonies 

 arranged in lines and clusters, 



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 760 

 761 



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769 

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787 

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796 



Page 

 A section through soil permeated by the proto- 



nemal threads of the Moss Pottia intermedia, 799 

 Formation of a clustered colony by means of 



aerial runners in Saxifraga flagellaris, - 801 



Frogbit (Hydrocharis Morsus-rance): winter buds 



in process of detachment, .... 804 

 Frogbit : winter buds rising to the surface and 



young plants developed from them, - - 805 

 Trichia clavata, showing capillitium and spores, - 813 

 Dispersal of spores by wind : spore-capsules in 



damp and in dry weather, - - - - 814 

 Spores of the Horse-tail (Equisetum Telmateja), - 815 

 Polygonum viviparum and its aerial tubers, - 819 



Houseleek (Sempervivum soboliferum) with ball- 



shaped offshoots, ..... 821 



The formation of offshoots in Sedum dasyphyllum, 822 

 The formation of offshoots in Kleinia articulata, 823 

 Distribution of spores by expulsive mechanisms, - 825 

 Distribution of detached sprout-like offshoots by 



means of animals, 829 



Sling-fruits: Ecballium elaterium, Oxalis Accto- 



sella, 834 



Sling-fruits: seven examples, .... 835 

 Catapult fruits: five examples, - . - - 841 

 Fruits which creep or hop along the ground, - 843 

 Creeping and hopping fruits, .... 844 

 Fruits which open upon being wetted with 



water, ------- 845 



Examples of fruits and seeds dispersed by the 



wind, 843 



Fruits and seeds dispersed by the wind: Plantago 



Cretica, 849 



Fruits and seeds dispersed by the wind, - - 852 

 Fruits and seeds dispersed by the wind : thirteen 



examples, --..--- 853 

 Dispersion of fruits and seeds by the wind : ten 



examples, ------- 854 



Fruits and seeds dispersed by the wind, - - 855 

 Fruits and seeds dispersed by the wind (Cotton, 



&c.), 856 



Fruits and seeds dispersed by the wind (Groundsel, 



Dandelion, &c.), 857 



Fruits and seeds dispersed by the wind, - - 858 

 Seeds of the Orchid Vanda teres, - - - 859 

 Dispersion of fruits and seeds by the wind 



(Thistle), 860 



Dispersion of fruits and seeds by the wind ( Vanda, 



TUlandsia), §62 



Examples of sticky fruits, 870 



Fruits which hook on to or stick into passing 



objects, - 8^1 



Fruits furnished with hooks, .... 873 



Fruits with hooks, 874 



Fruits with needle-like spines, - - - - 875 



Bamboo Forest in Ceylon, §90 



Mangrove Forest in India, - - • -891 



