ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Page 

 Chalazogamic fertilization in the Alder {Alnus 



glutinosa). Diagrammatic, - - - 413 



Fertilization in Ephedra and Ornithogalum, - 415 

 Embryo-sac of Monotropa, • - - - 417 



Seeds with a Reserve-tissue, .... 422 

 Seeds with winged and hairy appendages, - - 423 

 Polar Willow {Salix polaris) with opened fruits 



showing masses of hairy seeds escaping, - 424 

 Seeds with caruncles and hilar scars, - - - 425 

 Branch of Mezereon (Daphne Mezcreum) with 



berries. Fruiting branch of the Lime [Tilia) 



with downy hairs investing the nut-like fruits, 426 



427 

 428 



429 

 431 

 432 

 433 

 434 

 435 



436 



437 



438 

 439 



Indehiscent fruits and schizocarps, 

 Winged fruits or samaras of the Ash, &c., - 

 Flowering branch of Banksia serrata with thick 



walled dehiscent capsules, - - - . 

 Various capsular fruits, 

 Achenes provided with a plume or pappus, 

 The Hornbeam (Carpinus Betvlus) in fruit. 

 Fruits with persistent receptacles, 

 Fruits with Cupules: Acorns, .... 

 Fruits in whose structure the receptacle and pedi 



eel take a share: Cashew-nut, 

 Collective and aggregate fruits: Betel, Sweet-sop, 



and Sour-sop, ..---- 

 Branch of the Bread-fruit Tree (Artocarpus in- 



cisa), with flowers and fruit, 

 The Lotus Lily [Nelumhium speciosum), 

 Flower of the Lotus Lily {Nelumhium speciosum), 440 

 Fruit and Seed of Coniferae: Silver Fir, Scotch 



Pine, Larch, ...... 441 



Fruits and Seeds of Conifers: Yew, Arbor Vita, 



Juniper, ....... 442 



Coniferous Fruits and Seeds, .... 443 



Protection of ripening seeds against animals: 



Anatto, ....... 444 



Protection of ripening seeds against animals : 



Mimosa, Chestnut, &c., - - - - 445 

 Protection of seeds against wet, .... 448 

 Branch of Mangrove Tree {Rhizophora Mangle), 



with flowers and fruits, - - • - 451 

 Bulbils replacing flowers and fruits, - - - 455 

 Flowers and fruits replaced by tubers and bud-like 



offshoots, 460 



Flowers and fruits replaced by bulbils. The 



Coral-root (Dentaria bulhifera), - 



461 



The Annual Dog's Mercury [Mercurialis annua), 466 



Alternation of Generations in Ferns, - - - 472 



Tree-ferns (Alsophila) in Ceylon, - - - 473 

 Rhipidopteris peltata, with sterile and fertile 



fronds, ....... 474 



Stag's-hom Fern (Platycerium alcicorne), - - 475 



Alternation of Generations in Mosses, - - 477 



Alternation of Generations in Mosses, - - 479 



Asexual and sexual reproduction in Saprolegni- 



aceae, ........ 480 



Asexual and sexual reproduction in the Mucorini, 481 



Larch trees (Larix europcea), - . - - 483 



Myxomycetous Fungi and their fructification 

 Magnified Examples of Desmidieae, - 

 Fungus-galls on Juniperus coramunis and Aronia 



rotundifolia, .... 

 Various Galls and their effects on plants, 

 A Witches' Broom on the Silver Fir, produced 



by ^Ecidium elatinum, 

 Galls in section and otherwise, - 

 Various Galls on Leaves, .... 

 Galls on Spruce, Poplar, Oak, &c.. 

 Solid Galls on Lime and Celastrus, 

 Various Oak-galls, ..... 

 Spirophyton from the Upper Devonian Rocks, 

 Riella helicophylla growing under water, 

 Myxomycetes or Slime-fungi, 

 Various Examples of Bacteria, - 

 Highly-magnified Examples of Diatoms, 

 Hydrodictyaceae, with Zoospores, 



Ulothrix zonata, with Gametes and .Zoospores, 

 Various Examples of Desmids. - 



Spirogyra, • 



Structure and reproduction of Chara fragilis, 



Laminariaceae, with perforated fronds, 



Fucus vesiculosus (Bladder-wrack) : female con 



ceptacle, &c., ...... 



Fucus vesiculosus: male conceptacle, &c., . 



A branch of the Gulf -weed, Sargassum baceiferum 



with leaves and air-sacs, ... 

 Chytridiaceae and AncylistaceiE, 

 Swarm-spores in Saprolegniaceae and Chytridiaceae 

 The False Vine-mildew, Peronospora viticola, 

 Achlya lignicola and its Reproduction, 



Entomophthoreae: Entomopjhthora and Empusa, 



Mucor and its Reproduction, 



Ascomycetes, ..... 



The Ergot of Rye, Claviceps purpurea, 



Various Ascomycetes, 



The Morel and other Discomycetes, - 



Portion of a lamella of an Agaricus with a 

 dial layer, . . . . - 



Basidiomycetes: various species of Fungi, 



Gasteromycetes: Puff-ball, Earth-star, &c. 



Lichens, ...... 



Gelatinous Lichens, .... 



Crustaceous Lichen: Lecanora esculenta, 



Vertical section through an air-chamber of the 

 Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, 



Jungermanniaceae: Scale-mosses, 



Mosses and their Spore-capsules, &c. 



Mosses, with details of structure, 



Spore-capsules of Mosses, - 



Various Ferns, .... 



Life-history of a Fern, 



Hydropterides or Rhizocarps, - 



Equisetacese or Horsetails, 



Club-moss: Lycopodium annotinum, 



Lycopodiales, with details of structure, 



A group of Cycas revoluta, 



Pase- 



491 

 492 



