CONTENTS. 



4. The Distribution of Species. 



Page 

 790 



The Distribution of Species by Oflfshoots, - 

 The Dispersion of Species by means of Fruits 



and Seeds, 833 



Limits of Distribution, 



Plant Communities and Floras, - 



5. The Extinction of Species, - 



Page 



- 878 



- 885 



- 899 



CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS. 



Phylum 1. — Mtxothallophtta. 

 Alliance 1. — Myxomycetes, - - - 618 

 Phylum 2. — Thallophyta. 

 Class I.- Schizophyta, .... 820 

 Alliance 2. — Cyanophvceje, the Blue-green 



Algse, - - -' - - - - 621 

 Alliance 3. — Schizoraycetes, the Bac- 

 teria, ------- 622 



Class II. — Dinoflagellata, Peridinese, - - 625 

 Alliance 4, 625 



Class III. — Bacillariales, - - - - 625 

 Alliance 5, 625 



Class IV. — Gamophyceae, - - - - 627 



Sub-class I. — Chlorophyceae, the Green 



AlgEe, ------- 627 



Alliance 6. — Protococcoideae, - . - 628 

 Do. 7.— Siphonese, - - - - 641 



Do. 8. — Confervoidese, - - - 648 

 Do. 9.— Conjugatae, - - - - 654 



Do. 10.— Charales, - - - - 659 



Do. 11. — Phaeophycese, ... 661 

 Do. 12.— Dictyotales, - - - 666 



Do. 13.— Florideae, Eed Sea-weeds, - 666 



Class V.— Fungi, 668 



Sub-class I. — Phycomycetes, - - - 668 



Alliance 14. — Oomycetes, ... 668 



Do. 15. — Zygomycetes, - - - 673 



Sub-class II. — Mesomycetes, - - - 674 



Alliance 16, 674 



Do. 17, 674 



Sub-class III. — Mycomycetes, - - - 676 



Alliance 18, 676 



Do. 19, 684 



Additional Group of Fungi, Lichenes, - 691 



Phylum 3. — Archegontat^. 



Class I.— Bryophyta, 696 



Alliance 20. — Hepaticae, Liverworts, - 696 

 Do. 21. — Musci, Mosses, - - - 699 



Class II. — Pteridophyta, Vascular Crypto- 

 gams, 704 



Alliance 22.— Filices, Ferns, - - - 705 



Do. 23. — Hydropterides, Rhizocarps, 709 



Do. 24. — Equisetales, Horsetails, - 711 



Do. 25. — Lycopodiales, Club-mosses, 713 



Phylum 4. — Phanerooamia, Flowering 

 Plants. 



Sub-phylum A.— Gymnospermae, - - 718 



Class I. — Cycadales, Cycads, • - - 718 



Alliance 26, 718 



Class II.— Coniferse, 720 



Alliance 27, 720 



Class III. — Gnetales, . . . . 726 



Alliance 28, 726 



Sub-phylum B. — Angiospermae, - - 728 



Class I. — Monocotyledones, - - - 728 



Alliance 29.— Liliiflorae, - - - - 728 



Do. 30. — Scitamineae, - - - 734 



Do. 31.— Gynandrge, - - - 736 



Do. 32. —Fluviales, - - - - 738 



Do. 33.— Spadiciflorae, - - - 740 



Do. 34.— Glumiflorae, - - - 745 



Class II. — Dicotyledones, - - - - 748 



Sub-class I. — Monochlamydeae, - - •• 748 



Alliance 35. — Centrospermae, - - - 748 



Do. 36.— Proteales, - - - - 750 



Do. 37.— Daphnales, - - - 752 



Do. 38.— Santalales, - - - 754 



Do. 39.— Eafflesiales, - - - 755 



Do. 40. — Asarales, ... - 755 



Do. 41.— Euphorbiales, - - - 756 



Do. 42. — Podostemales, - - - 757 



Do. 43.— Viridiflorse, - - - 758 

 Do. 44. — Amentales, ... 762 



Do. 45.— Balanophorales, - - - 762 



Sub-class II. — Monopetalse, ... 763 



AUiance 46. — Caprifoliales, ... 763 



Do. 47. — Asterales, . - - - 765 



Do. 48. — Campanales, - - 767 



