CONTENTS OF VOLUME SECOND. 



INTRODUCTION. 



Sources of a History of Plants, - 



1 I The Language of Botanists, 



Page 

 3 



THE GENESIS OF 



1. Asexual Reproduction. 



Spores and Thallidia, 8 



Buds on Eoots, - 25 



Buds on Stems, 28 



Buds on Leaves, ------ 37 



2. Reproduction by means of Fruits. 

 Definition and Classification of Fruits, - 46 

 Fertilization and Fruit-formation in Crypto- 

 gams, 49 



The Commencement of the Phanerogamic 



Fruit, - - - ... 70 



Ovaries on a Conical Receptacle, - - 75 



Ovaries on a Flat or Excavated Receptacle, 76 



Stamens, ------- 85 



Pollen, 95 



Protection of Pollen, 104 



Dispersion of Pollen by the Wind, - - 129 



Dispersion of Pollen by Animals, - - 152 

 Allurements of Animals with a View to the 



Dispersion of Pollen, - - - - 167 



PLANT-OFFSPRING. 



! The Colours of Flowers as a means of At- 

 tracting Animals, - - - - 182 

 The Scent of Flowers as a means of Attract- 

 ing Animals, 198 



Opening of the Passage to the Interior of the 



Flower, 2(i9 



Reception of Flower-seeking Anima 13 at the 



Entrance to the Flower, - - - 221 

 Taking up of Pollen by Insects, - • - 243 



Deposition of Pollen, 27G , 



The Crossing of Flowers, .... - 287v 



Autogamy, - - - - - - - 331 



Fertilization and Formation of Fruit in 



Phanerogams, 401 



3. Change in Reproductive Methods. 



Fruits Replaced by Oflfshoots, ... 452 



Parthenogenesis, 463 



Heteromorphism and Alternation of Genera- 

 tions, * 469 



THE HISTORY OF SPECIES. 



1. The Nature of Species. 



Definition of Species, 486 



The Specific Constitution of Protoplasm, - 487 



2. Alteration in the Form of Species. 



Dependence of Plant Form on Soil and 



Climate, - 495 



The Influence of Mutilation on the Form of 



Plants, 514 





Alteration of Form by Parasitic Fungi, - 518 

 Alteration of Form by Gall-producing Insects, 527 

 Genesis of New Forms as a Result of Crossing, 554 



3. The Origin of Species. 



The Genesis of New Species, - - - 576 

 Derivation of Existing Species, - - - 595 

 Subdivisions of the Vegetable Kingdom, • 600 

 Classification of Plants proposed by the 



Editor, - 616 



/3^ 



