78 



THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE PHANEROGAMIC FRUIT. 



[These two figures are slightly inaccurate in that the partitions of the ovarian 

 cavity are not indicated. In the cross-section, fig. 209 ^, they would run diagonally 

 from the comers to the central column. In allied forms they are sometimes 

 incomplete. — Ed.] 



(16) One series of carpels as in (14) and (15). The other series are metamor- 

 phosed into ovuliferous cushions spirally inserted on a continuation of the axis 



Fig. 210. — Structure of Phanerogamic ovaries. 



», « Aiitholysis or Chloranthy of a Larkspur (Delphinium cashmirianum). » Ripe dehiscing fruit of same. * Longitudinal 

 section of a single carpel of same. * Longitudinal section of an ovule of the same. <* A single foliaceous carpel of same. 

 ? Pistil of Butomus umbellatus. 8 pistil of same dissected. » Young ovule of same, i" Full-grown ovule of same in 

 longitudinal section, n Vertical section of flower of Raspberry (Riibns Idceus). 12 Longitudinal section of a single 

 carpel of the same. 1, 2, s natural size ; *, «, f, " magnilied 2-6 times; ', «, », 10, 12 magnified 6-8 times. 



which rises up from the base of the receptacle. Example: — Hedychium (figs, 

 209 3. *. 5). 



(17) As before, one series closes the mouth of the receptacle. From the tip of 

 the axis at the base of the receptacle a single apparently terminal carpel arises 

 which bears a single ovule. This condition obtains with many variations in the 

 Compositae, e.g. the Sunflower (Helianthus, fig. 207 ^). 



The account of the structure of the ovary just given differs in several 

 fundamental points from the current views of the best authorities in plant 

 morphology. Especially is this so in two points. Firstly, in that the wall of 



