STAMENS. 87 



place where a petal narrows into its stalk or " claw ", a little yellow swelling or 

 callosity may be seen; this may be regarded as a reduced anther, and now and then 

 it possesses the character of an anther, and contains actual pollen. It is frequently 

 observed in double flowers that a multiplication of the leaf accompanies the con- 



Fig. 214.— stamens. 



Empleurmn serrulaturn. ^ Hypericum olympicum. ^ Juglans regia. * Soldanella alpina. i Viola odorata. ^.^ Artemisia 

 Absynthium. s Haminia (after Baillon). » Ahies excelsa. lo Euphorbia canariensis. n, i» Platanus orientalis. 

 13, 14 Juniperus Sabina. is Ualiimiocnemis gibhosa. is Halantium Kulpianum. i? Sanguinaria canadensis. " Allium 

 sphoerocephalum. is Actcea spicata. 20 Aconitum Napellus. 21 Salvia officinalis. «2 Viscum album. 2S Mirabilis 

 Jalapa. 2* Tilia ulmifolia. 25 Thymus serpyllum. 26 Acalypha (after Baillon). 27 Bryonia dioica. 28 Jliciiin.i com- 

 munis. ^^ Corydalis capnoides. ^0 Polygala amara. ^^ Doryphora (after Baillon). i^ Paris quadri/olia. (All fljiures 

 somewhat enlarged.) 



version of stamens into petals. In the place of a single stamen we may find two 

 stamens partially converted into petals, or there may be a greater number of petal- 

 like leaves, standing one behind another, or, finally, we may have the appearance 

 shown in figs. 213 ^ and 213 ^ of a double Primula. 



By the action of parasitic Aphides and Insects stamens often assume a leaf- 

 like appearance, they become green like the carpels described on p. 80. Such 

 instances are of value in comparing the various parts of a stamen with those of the 



