92J 



Scutellum, the sucker or cotyledon of a Grass embryo. 



Scutiform, having the form of a shield. 



Seed, the fertilized and matured ovule. 



Seed-coat, the integument of the seed, formed from 

 the investment or investments of the ovule. 



Seedling, a young plant raised from a seed. 



Semifrutex, or Semi-shrub, a shrub the shoots of 

 which become woody at the base only, this portion 

 alone being perennial. 



Sepal, a leaf-member of the calyx. 



Sepaloid, resembling a sepal. 



Separation-layer. See Absciss-layer. 



Septum, a partition; a thin wall separating compart- 

 ments. 



Sericeus, silky; clothed with soft straight hairs. 



Serrate, of leaf-margins; beset with teeth pointing 

 towards the apex. 



Sessile, destitute of stalk, petiole, or pedicel. 



Seta, a bristle; the stalk of the spore-capsule in a 

 Moss or Liverwort. 



Shoot, that portion of the plant which is differenti- 

 ated into stem and leaves and bears the reproductive 

 organs. 



Sieve-cells, cells which have pores in their walls 

 causing a sieve-like appearance ; sieve-tubes. 



Sieve -plates, areas in the walls of sieve-cells or 

 sieve-tubes perforated by pores. 



Sieve-tube, an articulated tube whose contiguous 

 elements communicate by means of open pores 

 aggregated together upon sieve-plates. The sieve- 

 tube is the characteristic element of the phloem. 



Siliqua, the fruit of a Cruciferous plant, a longish 

 pod or seed-vesseh Cf. vol. ii. p. 432. 



Sinistrorse, used of twining stems which turn from 

 north through west to south, &c.: the opposite of 

 dextrorse. 



Sinuous, Sinuate, used of a leaf-margin which is 

 strongly indented in a wavy manner. 



Sling-fruit, a general term given to any fruit which, 

 in virtue of the possession of contractile tissues, 

 throws its seeds to a distance, or is itself so thrown. 



So boles, a thin creeping stem, often subterranean. 



Soredium, the ' brood-body ' or ' brood-bud ' of a 

 Lichen, consisting of a few algal cells wrapt round 

 with a weft of fungal hyphse. 



Sorus, a cluster of sporangia, such as those of Ferns. 



Spadiciform, Uke a spadix. 



Spadix, a fleshy spike. 



Spathe, a large bract-like sheath inclosing an inflores- 

 cence. 



Spatulate, like a spatula, oblong with the lower end 

 attenuated. 



Species. Under this term may be included all indi- 

 viduals which possess in common such a number of 

 characters that they may be regarded as being 

 descended from a common ancestral form. 



Spermatium, a male sexual cell which becomes free, 

 but is unprovided with special organs of locomotion. 



Spermatoplasm, the protoplasm of the male sexual 

 cell. 



Spermatoplast, a male sexual celL 



Spermatozoid, a free-swimming male sexual cell 

 provided with cilia as organs of locomotion. 



Spike, an indefinite inflorescence with flowers sessile 

 on an elongated axis. 



Spine, a sharp-pointed body possessing vascular 

 tissue, commonly a branch or some portion of a leaf. 



Sporangiole, in the Fungi; a small sporangium, 

 usually containing few spores, and larger many- 

 spored sporangia being also present. 



Sporangiophore, that which bears sporangia; a scale 

 bearing sporangia in Equisetum. 



Sporangium, a sac within which spores are deve- 

 loped. 



Spore, a reproductive cell which becomes free, and ia 

 c: p ible of developing into a new individual. 



Sporidium, a spore abjointed from a pro-mycelium. 



Sporocarp, a fructification, often the result of a 

 sexual act, in which spores are produced, as in Red 

 Sea-weeds and Fungi. Also used of the sporangial 

 receptacles of the Hydropteridse. 



Sporogonium, in Mosses ; the so-called ' moss-fruit ' 

 with its appendages, consisting mainly of the capsule 

 and seta or stalk. 



Sporophyte, that stage in the life-cycle of a plant 

 which bears the spores. Cf. Oophyte. 



Spur, an excavated slender continuation of some 

 portion of a flower, usually containing nectar. 



Squamiform, scale-like. 



Squamigerous, furnished wdth scales. 



Stamen, the male organ in a flower, which produces 

 pollen. It consists of the filament or stalk, and the 

 anther, in which the pollen is contained and which 

 is supported by the filament. The stamens collec- 

 tively form the andrcecium. 



Staminate, having stamens. 



Staminiferous, bearing stamens. 



Staminode, a sterile stamen. 



Standard, in papilionaceous flowers, is the unpaired, 

 posterior petal. 



Sterigma, the tube or stalk-like branch from which 

 conidia are abstricted. 



Stigma, that portion of the pistil which receives the 

 pollen. 



Stipules, paired foliaceous appendages of the leaf- 

 base. 



Stirps cirrhosa, a tendril-bearing stem. 



Stirps clathrans, a lattice-forming stem. See vol. i. 

 p. 678. 



Stirps fluctuans, a floating stem. 



Stirps humifusa, a prostrate stem. 



Stirps palaris, a standard-stem, i.e. an erect, un- 

 branched stem. 



Stirps plectens, a weaving stem. See vol. i. p. 671. 



Stirps radicans, a stem which climbs by means of 

 roots. 



Stirps volubilis, a twining stem. 



Stock, the parent forms from which a hybrid is de- 

 rived. 



Stolon, or Stole, a procumbent stem which bears 

 buds which take root ; the buds are more frequent 

 and the intemodes shorter than in the runner. 



Stoma, an intercellular space or pore in the epider- 

 mis which, bounded by adjustible guard-cells, forms 

 the means of communication between the lacunae of 

 the plant and the outside air. 



Stratification, the layering of cell-walls or starch- 

 grains. 



Stroma-starch, in certain Algae (e.g. Hydrodictyon), 

 the fine-grained starch deposited throughout the 

 chlorophyll-body, which plays a different part in the 

 economy of the plant from that deposited around 

 the pyrenoid. Cf. vol. ii. p. 640. 



Style, the usually attenuated prolongation of an ovary 

 upon which the stigma is borne. 



