peculiarity of climbing, i. 706. 

 — scarlet flowers in, ii. 196. 

 Bilberry. See Vaccinium uliginosum, Vac- 



cinium myrtillus. 

 Billbergia, protective water-receptacles, ii. 



234. 

 Bindweed. See Convolvulus. 

 Bindweeds, S. Europe, silkiuess, i. 320. 

 Biological importance of Chlorophyceie.ii. 627. 

 Biorhiza aptera, gall on oak-root, ii. 541. 

 Birch. See Betula. 

 Birches and Firs, struggle for existence, ii. 



514. 

 Birch-tree, bulk compared to volume of solid 



and gaseous nutritive space, i. 259. 

 Bird-lime, from Viscum album, i. 329. 

 Birds, dispersal of plants, i. 205, 463 ; ii. 863. 

 "Bird's eyes", cause of, ii. 35. 

 Bird's-foot Trefoil. See Lohts. 

 Bird's-nest Orchis. See Neottia Nidus-avis. 

 Birthwort. See Aristolochia Clematitis. 

 BiscuteUa Isevigata, ash of, i. 69. 

 Bistort. See Polygonum Bistorta. 

 Bitter Orange. See Citrus Aurantium. 

 Bitter-sweet. See Solanum Dulcamara 

 Bitter Vetch. See Orobus. 

 Bixa Orellana, flower-bud, ii. 776. 



flowers and fruit, ii. 442, 444. 



Bizzaria, hybrid orange, ii. 569. 



Black Forest, Silver Firs with Mistletoe, i. 



205. 

 Black Grouse. See Tetrao tetrix. 

 Black Pine district, Wiener Wald, Mistletoe 



on Corsican Pine, i. 205. 

 Black Poplar. See Populus nigra. 

 Black wellia, pollen-grains, ii. 99. 

 Bladder-campion. See Silene inflata. 

 "Bladder-plums", cause of, ii. 524. 

 Bladder-senna. See Colutea arborescens. 

 Bladders, of Sea-wracks, Trapa, i. 425. 



— of Utriculariae, size, shape, &c., i. 121. 

 Bladderworts. See Utricularice. 

 Blastophaga Brasiliensis and Ficus, ii. 162. 

 Blastophaga grossorum and Ficus Carica, ii. 



161. 



and gall-flowers of Ficus Carica, ii. 540. 



fertilization of Ficus, ii. 157. 



Bleclinum, fronds, ii. 12. 



— protection of sporangia, ii. 13. 



— sorus and indusium, ii. 706. 

 Blechnum Spicant, dimorphic fronds, ii. 476. 



situation of storaata, i. 293. 



"Blendlings", result of crossing of "races", 



ii. 581. 

 Blood, and mould cells, i. 507. 



— nutrient medium for bacteria, i. 162. 

 Blood-corpuscles, red, ii. 624. 

 "Blood-portent", ii. 623. 



Bloodwort. See Sanguinaria Canadensis. 

 Bloom, nature of, i. 291, 462. 

 Blossom, nature of, ii. 71. 

 Blossoming, and altitude, i. 526. 



— and geographical position, i. 565. 



— comparative table, i. 566. 



— of sea, i. 389. 



— order of, i. 739. 



— twice in one year, i. 564. 



Blue, colour of spring flowers, ii. 194. 



— true colour of sea-water, i. 389. 

 Blue Moulds, ii. 677. 



Blue Mountains, Jamaica, abundance of 



Ferns, Mosses, and Liverworts, ii. 457. 

 Elueness of water, explanation, i. 389. 

 Blue pigment, chlorophyll protecting, i. 392. 

 Bocconia, stamen-filaments, ii. 88, 183. 

 Bocconia Japonica, pollen discharge, ii. 145. 

 Bock, Hiernnymus (1498-1554), i. 4. 



and propagation of Ferns, ii. 8. 



herbal of, i. 5. 



Boehmeria, cause of white spots on leaves 



■ i. 285. 

 Boehmeria nivea, bast-cells, i. 725. 

 Bog-bean. See Menyanthes trifoliata. 

 Bog-moss. See Sphagnum. 

 Bog-rushes. See Schoenus. 

 Bog-whortleberry. See Vaccinium uligi- 



INDEX. 



Bolbophyllum Beccarii, nature of gcent, Ii. 



tuber, surface view and section, 1. 300. 



BolbophyUum Odoardi, tubers, leaves, i. 

 300. 



Boletus edulis, ii. 688. 



appearance, il. 491. 



respiration experiments, i. 498. 



Boletus sanguineus, poisonous, i. 491. 

 Bombax, hairy seeds, ii. 855. 



— prickles, i. 433. 



BoHibus lucorum, pollination of Epipoglum, 



ii. 225, 257. 

 Bouapartea, leaf-teeth and termination, 1. 



438. 

 Bonds of union, chemical, i. 453, 454. 

 Bonifacius, St., i. 539. 

 Boodlea, thallus, ii. 646. 

 Boraginacese, ii. 771. 



— autogamy in, ii. 367, 378. 



— cross-fertilization in, ii. 301, 222. 



— dichogamy in, ii. 311. 



— floral change of cnlniir, ii. 191, 194. 



— heterostyly in, ii. 302, 398. 



— hybrids few among, ii. 585. 



— nectaries, ii. 174, 181. 



— poUen and probosces of insects, ii. 248. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 97, 99. 



— pollen-sprinkling in, ii. 275. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 118. 



— protogyny in, ii. 310. 



— venation, i. 630. 



— why named, pointed bristles, i. 441. 

 Borago, cotyledon bristles, i. 623. 



— nectary concealment, ii. 181. 



— protandrous, ii. 311. 



Borago officinalis, colour-contrast of flowers, 



cotyledons, i. 621. 



flower, ii. 275. 



pollen-grains, ii. 98. 



pollen-sprinkling apparatr.s, ii. 275. 



Borassus, geographical distribution, ii. 740. 



Borassus flabelliformis. Palmyra Palm, 

 height of, i. 712. 



Bordered pits, nature and function, i. 277. 



structure, i. 45. 



Hornet and symbiosis in lichens, ii. 692. 



Botanists and general principles of classifica- 

 tion, ii. 607. 



Botany, descriptive, scope of, i. 15. 



— discussion of terminology, ii. 4. 



— German fathers of, i. 4. 



— "the loveliest of sciences", i. 6. 

 Botrychium, frond, ii. 709. 



— spore-dispersal, ii. 814. 

 Botrychium lanceolatum, ii. 707. 



dimorphic fronds, ii. 11. 



sporangia, ii. 12. 



Botrychium Lunaria, habitat, i. 112. 

 EotrydiaceiL', ii. 642. 

 Botrydium, cilia of. i. 29. 



— life-history, ii. 642. 



— reproduction, ii. 482. 

 Botrydium granulatum, habitat, ii. 642. 

 Botryococcus, life-cycle, ii. 636. 

 Botrytis, fermentative action, i. 508. 

 Botrytis cinerea, i. 263. 

 Bottle-gourd. See Lagenaria. 

 Bouchea ox)luteoides, sticky foliage, ii. 237. 

 Boundary-line, absence of, between plant* 



and animals, i. 54. 

 Bovenia, Australia, ii. 720. 

 Bovista, ii. 690. 

 Boyle's law, i. 571. 

 Brachydodromus, venation, I. 630. 

 Brachypodium, pollination, il. 142. 

 Brachypodium sylvaticum, arched leaf, 1. 

 429. 



venation, i. 634. 



Bracken Fern. See PteHs aquilina. 

 Bract, application of term. 1. 641. 



— colour, ii. 183, 187. 



— honey-protection by, ii. 238. 



— nature of, i. 737 



9:i3 



Bract, ■eoretion of Aon«r. II KJ 



BracUa, Bee Hraa. 



Bract«ole«. accenury io fntii funBaUoa. IL 



433. • 



Bract-ncalo. of Abl«a jH-cUnala. kt . Il 441. 



Brudypu* txldactylui. and TrtdtophtliUL U. 



627. 

 Bramlilo. 8«-i- /?»' ii./r,,fr , , 

 Branch, currnt ;: i . 



— direction an 1 



— form anil p . , | jjj 



— long and »\v'.\. . .. \, 



— nature of, 1. i'jl. 



— of Pinus Pumilio, II. 722. 

 Branching nn.l li,n..r. -^ . i.. .-. i 749 

 Bran. 1, ■ ' ■ 'J, a»4. 

 Brii.<>: , 



Hr.u<M , CD 



Bras-sir I ., . i, ^y 



root-KuIU 11 i:l. 



stomato, I. ajii. 



wax on leaTfS, I. ".•: 



Bmaeica Rapa rap.-icoa, rnr.t. I ;•:• 

 Braim. AlexnndcT, rolaiuincattoii of Mono- 

 chliiinydiTi', h 616. 



system of diuLtlflcatlon, II. W5. 



Braya alpina, autoKamy, II. 335 



guides to honey, il. 248. 



Bread-fruit. See A rtotarpus ineita. 

 Break back, uro of term, ii. 570. 

 "Breaking", from roots. 11.27. 

 Breathing and living, synonytnoua, L 491 

 Bri.stle Ferns. See HvmtnopkyUacttt. 

 Bristles, i. 439. 



— barbed structure, I. 440. 



— for retention of salt Incnutatlons, L 137. 



— of Aldrovandia leaf, i. 152. 



— of Dionsea leaf. i. 150. 



— stinging, structure and function. I 441. 

 Briza maxima, seed-di-iperaal. ii. 854. 

 Briza nio<lia, anthocyanin io glume*, L SOL 

 pollination, Ii. 142. 



Broad-bean. See Vieia Faba. 

 Brome-grass. See Bromtu. 



False. See Brachirpodium. 



BromeliaceiD, centripetal inflomcrncca, L 

 738. 



— coloured bracts In. il. 184. 



— distinctive chamctom, Ii. 734. 



— epiphytic, I. 77, IOC. 



— fiirfuraceous appearance, I. 324 



— geographical distribution. II. 734 



— habitat, I. 438. 



— organic remains in cistern* of. I. 241 



— pollen-grains, II. 102. 



— scarlet flowers In, Ii. 196. 



— tropical epiphytic, thick cuticle, I X9. 



— water-receptaclia, i. 15C 



absonitive ccllii. I. 231. 



Bromelieaj. charactorintuTi. li 734. 

 Bromine, in marine plant*. I *W 

 Bromus, and cluslergalU, il. 54*. 

 Brongniart, II. 603. 



Brood-bodies, and oonnlani-y .if f m ;i 5>4. 



hybrids pcrpetiuitd ■ 'A 



importance for pr .; 



In ovule, rvscmhlc i 



