936 



INDEX. 



Carex stricta, social form, ii. 748. 

 Carex vulgaris, seedlings, i. 607. 

 Carica Papaya, enzyme, i. 465. 

 Cariuthe minor, pollen-grains, ii. 97 

 Carlina, spiny leaves, i. 438. 

 Cailina acaulis, authocyanin, i. 522. 



as hygrometer and weather-glass, ii. 



117. 



coloured bract, ii. 183. 



opening and closing, ii. 116. 



— — pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



protection of pollen, ii. 115, 117. 



temperature within capitulum, i. 501. 



Carmichelia australis, cladodes, i. 335. 



Carniola, flora of, i. 6. 



Carnivorous plants, movements, i. 140. 



number of, classification of, i. 119. 



spinous structures in pitfalls, i. 124. 



with seals-like leaves, i. 135. 



Carob. See Ceratonia Siliqua. 

 Carolina Allspice. See CalycanCkus. 

 Caroway. See Carum carvi. 

 Carpathians, plants of, i. 316. 

 Carpel, morphology, ii. 89. 



— of Cupressus, ii. 443. 

 Carpels, arrangement, &c., i. 642. 



— arrangement on receptacle, Ii. 74. 



— foUaceous, ii. 83. 



— persistence, ii. 719. 



Carpenter Bee and Spartium scoparium, ii. 



267. 

 Carpet, type of community, ii. 889, 893. 

 Carpinus and gall-mites, ii. 529. 



— bud-scales, i. 626. 



— cupule, ii. 434. 



— defoliation slow, i. 361. 



— embryo-sacs, ii. 478. 



— pollen-storing and dispersion, ii. 148. 



— vernation, i. 350, 631. 

 Carpinus Betulus, ii. 759. 



and Exoascus Carpini, ii. 527. 



chalazogamic fertilization, ii. 412. 



dimensions, i. 722. 



fruiting branch, ii. 433. 



height, i. 722. 



pocket-galls, ii. 532. 



Carpinus orientalis, seed-dispersal, ii. 854. 



Carpium, definition, ii. 47. 



CarpophyUa. See Carpels. 



Carposporeie, ii. 606. 



Carpospores, of Coleochajte, ii. 654. 



Carrion -beetles and Dracunculus Creticus, 

 &c., ii. 165. 



Carrion-flies, favourite ooloara and odours, 

 ii. 197. 



Carrot. See Daucus Carjta. 



Cartharcus, preservation of colour in Egyptian 

 graves, i. 262. 



Carthamus tinctoriua, demonstration of irri- 

 gation, i. 96. 



Carthusian Pink. See Dianthjis Carthusian- 



Cartilage, digestion of, by Picguicula vul- 

 garis, i. 142. 

 Carum carvi, schizocarp, ii. 427, 430. 

 Caruncle, nature of, ii. 425. 

 Carj'a, mode of fertilization unknown, ii. 413. 

 CaryophyHacese, ii. 196. 



— aestivation in, ii. 210. 



— autogamy in, ii. 335, 352, 355. 



— capsules, ii. 432. 



— carnivorous in minor degree, i. 155. 



— course of pollen-tubes, ii. 410. 



— crepuscular perfume, ii. 208. 



— cross-fertilization in, ii. 307. 



— distribution of sexes, ii. 298, 299. 



— floral envelopes, ii. 749. 



— gall-mites and flower metamorphosis in, 



ii. 548. 



— heterostyly in, ii. 398. 



— hybrids among, ii. 584. 



— insects and pollen, ii. 244. 



— movements of stamens, ii. 250. 



— nectaries, ii. 175, 176. 



— nocturnal flowering, ii. 154. 



— pollen deposition in revolver-flowers, ii. 277. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



Caryophyllacese, protandrous, ii. 312. 



— protandry and autogamy, ii. 336. 



— stigmatic surface in, ii. 281. 



— times of opening and closing, ii. 221. 

 Caryophyllinse, of Braun, ii. 605. 

 Carj'opsis, nature of, ii. 429. 



— of (Jraminese, ii. 746. 

 Caryota, caudex, i. 714. 



— geographical distribution, ii. 740. 

 Caryota propinqua, i. 311. 



fate of specimen cultivated at Vienna, 



i. 310. 



leaf-section, i. 312. 



Casein, i. 458. 



Cashew-nut. See Anacardium occidentale. 



Cassia angustifolia, pod, ii. 431. 



Cassia lenitiva, stamen, ii. 91. 



Cassiope tetragona, rolled leaves, i. 304 



Cassytha, i. 182, 687; ii. 752. 



— affinities, i. 171. 



— geographical distribution, i. 171. 



— germination and mode of attack, i. 176. 



— parasitism, i. 171. 



— physiological roots of seedling, i. 750. 

 Castanea, cotyledons, i. 608. 



— cupule, ii. 434. 



— fertilization, porogamic, ii. 413. 



— scent, ii. 200. 



Castanea sativa, thermal constants, i. 559, 



560. 

 Castanea vulgaris, age, i. 720. 



diameter, i. 722. 



fruit protection, ii. 442, 445. 



Castanospermum, seed-dispersal, ii. 837. 

 Casuarina, chalazogamic fertilization, ii. 412, 



616. 

 Casuarina quadrivalvis, branch and cross 

 section, i. 299. 



protection of stomata from moisture, 



i. 298. 

 Casuarinea3, Australian, switch-plants, i. 330, 



376. 



— chalazogamic fertilization, ii. 413. 



— chlorenchyma, and stomates, j. 332. 



— little shadow from, i. 336. 



Catalpa, openingand closing of stigma, ii. 281. 



— pollen deposition, ii. 280. 



Catalpa syringaefolia, thermal constants, i. 



559, 560. 

 Catananche, protection of pollen from rain, 



ii. 112. 

 Catananche coerulea, duration of blossoming, 



ii. 218. 

 Catapult-fruits, ii. 840. 

 Catasetum, ii. 738. 



Catasetum tridentatum, discharge of pol- 

 linia, details, u. 270. 



pollination, flower and parts, ii. 269. 



Caterpillars and Cordyceps, ii. 680. 



— as hosts, i. 168. 



— hosts of Entomophthoreae, ii. 672. 



— protection against, ii. 446. 

 Cathartolinum, guides to honey, ii. 249. 

 Catingas, of Brazil, 

 Catkin, i. 739, 



Cat's-foot. See GnapTiniium d 



Cattle, anthrax in, i. 163. * f 



Cattleya, ii. 738. > 



Cattleya labiata, duration of flowering, ii. 214. 

 Caucalis daucoides, autogamy, ii. 342. 



flowers, sexual conditions, ii. 296. 



protogynous, ii. 311. 



Caucasus, plants of, i. 316. 

 Caudex, i. 655, 710. 



— characteristic examples, i. 712. 



— thorns and leaf-sheaths, i. 714. 

 Caulerpa, habit, species, &o., ii. 645. 



— structure and light, i. 388. 

 Caulescent Violas, clejstogamy, ii. 393. 

 Cauliflower, nature of, ii. 553. 

 Cauline buds, shoots, &c , ii. 28. 

 Caulis. See Stalk. 



Caulis herbaceus, i. 715. 

 Caulis suffruticosus, i. 715. 

 Cauloma. See Caudex. 

 Caulomes, underground, of Saprophytes, and 

 food-absorption, i. 114. 



Gnapfinii 



Caulotretus, hosts of Rafflesiacefe in Vener- 

 uela, i. 200. 



— undulation of stem, i. 735. 

 Cavanillesia tuberoulata, Brazilian Catingaa, 



i. 656. 

 Cavern Moss. See Schistostega. 

 Cavities, grooves, &c., in leaves, for collection 



of water, i. 230. 

 Caylusea, ovary, ii, 75. 

 Cecidium, proposed application of term, ii, 



528, 

 Cecidomyia, escape of larvte from galls, ii 



538. 



— gall-gnats, ii. 534. 



Cecidomyia Arteniisite, gall on Artemisia 



campestris, ii. 547. 

 Cecidomyia Asperula;, galls on Asperula, U. 



545, 

 Cecidomyia cerris, on leaf of Turkey Oak, U. 



534, 

 Cecidomyia cratsegi, galls on Crataegus, ii. 

 546. 



possibility of transmitting effects, ii. 554. 



Cecidomyia Ericae, galls on Erica, ii. 547. 

 Cecidomyia Galii, galls on Galium, ii. 545. 

 Cecidomyia genisticola, galls on Genista 



tinctoria, ii, 546. 

 Cecidomyia Loti, bud-galls on Lotus cornicu- 



latus, ii. 544. 

 Cecidomyia phyteumatis, bud-galls on Phy- 



teuma orbiculare, ii. 544. 

 Cecidomyia rosaria, cluster-galls on Salix, ii 



546. 

 Cecidomyia scoparise, ii. 547. 

 Cecidomyia Sisymbrii, galls on various Cru- 



ciferae, ii. 544. 

 Cecidomyia urticae, gall on nettle-leaf, ii. 534. 

 Cecidomyia Verbasci, bud-galls on Verbas-' 



cum, ii. 544. 

 Cecidomyia Veronicas, galls on Veronica 



chamaedrys, ii. 546. 

 Cecidoses Eremita, escape of larva, ii. 539. 



galls on Duvaua, ii. 534, 537. 



Cecropia peltata, myrmecophilous, ii. 233. 



Cedrela, seed appendages, ii. 424. 



Cedrela odorata, pollen-grains, ii, 99. 



Cedrela Toona, ii. 423. 



Cedrus, ii. 721. 



Cedrus atlantica, ii. 725. 



Cedrus Deodara, Asia Minor, ii. 725. 



freezing, i. 546. 



Cedrus Libani, ii, 725. 



age and height, i. 722. 



Celandine. See Chelidonium majus. 

 Celandine, Lesser. See Raiiunculus ficaria. 

 Celastrineae, aril in, ii. 425. 

 Celastrus, Brazilian, capsule-gall, ii. 539. 

 Celastrus scandens, weaving stem, i. 672. 

 Cell, laticiferous, i, 470, 



— naked, unfortunate term, i. 26. 



— observations of Brown and Mold (1830- 



1840), i, 14. 



— original meaning, i. 22. 



— partition-wall, i, 26. 



— shapes, i. 374; cf, i. 139. 



— the, a minature chemical laboratory, i. 16. 



— waU of, early views, i. 23. 

 Cell-aggregates, various comparisons of, i. 27. 

 CeU-cavities, connecting passages between, 



i. 45. 

 Cell-chambers, i. 27. 

 Cell-complexes, sorts of, i. 586, 587. 

 CeU-contents, attraction of water by, i. 229. 

 CeU-division, i. 573. 



details, i. 580 et seq. 



in Splrogyra, ii. 657. 



Cell-formation, free, nature of, i. 575. 

 Cell-membrane, a sieve, i. 57. 



— — assumed structure, i. 57. 

 ^ — correct view of, i. 14. 

 diffusion through, i. 59. 



— — elastic, i. 59. 



imbibition of water, i. 58. 



modifications of, i. 43. 



of Diatoms, i. 40. 



penetrabiUty of, i. 58. 



permeability in absorption-cells, i. 226. 



