Cfill-inembranes, action of iodine on, i. 73. 



behaviour in absorption, i. 85. 



dead, swelling of, and retention of mud 



particles, i. 267. 

 Cell-nucleus. See Nucleus. 

 Cell-plate, in cell-division, i. 581. 

 Cells, absorptive. See Absorption-cells. 



— air-containing, as a protective covering, 



experimental proof, i. 314. 



— all from one, i. 48. 



— capitate, of Latbroea, i. 137. 



— chlorophyll containing, of Leuoobryum 



and Sphagnum, i. 219. 



— development of new, i. 27. 



— epidermal silicified, i. 329. 



— glandular, of Aldrovandia, i. 153. 

 of Cephalotus pitchers, i. 132. 



— many-armed, of mesophyll, i. 279. 



— permanent, i. 582. 



— pitted, reticulate, i. 194. 



— size of, i. 43. 



— special absorptive, for salt solutions, i. 85. 



— suction, in grasses, &c., i. 115. 



— transpiring, nature, situation and arrange- 



ment, i. 278. 

 Cell-sap, acidity, i. 511. 



acid reaction, 1. 463. 



chief contents, i. 41. 



where secreted, i. 33. 



Cell-tissues, sorts of, i. 586. 

 CeUulares, of De CaudoUe, ii. 603. 

 Cellulose, 1. 216, 263, 458. 



— changes undergone in walls of epidermal 



ceUs, i. 309. 



— in starch, i. 460. 



— occurrence and function, i. 573. 



— percentage composition, i. 454. 



— transformation, i. 601. 

 Cell-union, modes of, i. 585. 

 Cell-wall, adaptabihty, i. 573. 



and absorption of carbon dioxide, i. 



368. 



canals in, i. 45. 



composition, &c., i. 42, 43. 



demolition of, i. 47. 



part played in ascent of sap, i. 270. 



passages for food-absorption, i. 57. 



— — polarization, i. 568. 



protoplasm in, i. 581. 



stratification, i. 44. 



striation and structure, i. £69. 



structure and growth, i. 511. 



structure in relation to absorption of 



food-salts, i. 72. 

 Cell-walls, in three dimensions of space, i. 

 577. 



in two dimensions of space, i. 577. 



Celtis australis, food of Libythea Celtis, li. 



Celtis occidentalis, asymmetrical leaves, 

 i. 420. 



bud-scales, 1. 626. 



reserve-buds, i. 32. 



Cement, of tendril adhesive discs, 1. 699. 

 Centaurea, autogamy, ii. 361. 



— decurrent leaves, ii. 336. 



— hybrids, ii. 585. 



— movements of stamens, ii. 252. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 126. 

 Centaurea alpestris and bud-galls of Diastro- 



phus Scabiosse, ii. 543. 

 Centaurea alpina, protection by ants, ii. 



243. 

 Centaurea Badensis, and bud-galls of Dia- 



strophus Scabiosse, ii. 543. 

 Centaurea Balsamita, capitate hairs, i. 229. 



Persian steppes, varnish-like covering, 



i. 230, 313. 



secretion, i. 237. 



varnish coating of capitate cells, i. 230. 



Centaurea Cyanus, effect of dry soil, ii. 500. 



inflorescence, ii. 184. 



light and growth, ii. 508. 



movements of stamens, ii. 252. 



peripheral flowers, ii. 187. 



scentless, ii. 209. 



Centaurea Grafiana. See Centaurea sordida. 



INDEX. 



Centaurea Jacea, pollen-grain, il. 100. 

 Centaurea montana, floreta and autogamy, 



ii. 360. 

 Centaurea napuligera, roots, i. 760. 

 Centaurea Pseudophrygea, catapult^frulU, 



ii. 841. 



Btomatal protective hairs, i. 292. 



Centaurea Ragusina, hairs, i. 321. 

 Centaurea rupestris and C. Scabiosa, hybrid 



of, ii. 562. 

 Centaurea Ruthenica, protection by ants, li. 



243. 

 Centaurea Scabiosa and bud-galls of Dia- 



strophus Scabiosie, ii. 543. 

 Centaurea sordida, hybrid, ii. 563. 

 Centaury. See Erythrvea. 

 Centipede, in utricle of Sarracenia purpurea, 



i. 126. 

 Centipedes, protection against, ii. 445. 

 Central cylinder of root, i. 762. 

 Centranthus, pollen deposition, ii. 277. 

 Ceutranthus ruber, change of position of 



anthers and stigmas, ii. 305. 



flower, ii. 240.; 



honey protection, ii. 241. 



inflorescence and flowers, ii. 305. 



Centrifugal inflorescence, i. 377. 

 Centripetal inflorescence, i. 737. 

 Centrolobium robustum, fruit protection, ii. 



443, 445. 

 CeutrospermM, bracts of, achlamydeous, ii. 



750. 



— families of, ii. 748. 

 Centunculus, opening of flower, ii. 212. 

 Ceutuuculus minimus, alluring floral tissue, 



ii. 170. 



autogamy, ii. 332. 



duration of flowering, ii. 213. 



stem, i. 656. 



weather and autogamy, ii. 391. 



Century Plant. See Agave A mericana. 

 Cephalanthera, ii. 737. 



— habitat and foliage, i. 110. 

 Cephalaria, pollen deposition, ii. 278. 

 Cephalaria alpina, stigma, ii. 381, 283. 

 Cephalonion-galls, ii. 532. 

 Cephalotaxus, protection of pollen, ii. 124. 

 Cephalotus, i. 134, 638. 

 Cephalotusfollicularis,leavesheteromorphic, 



shape of traps, &c., i. 131. 

 Ceramium, where thrives best, i. 105. 

 Cerasin, cherry-gum, i. 458. 

 Cerastiuru arvense, autogamy, ii. 355. 

 Cerastium chlorsefolium, protection of 



pollen, ii. 120. 

 Cerastium lanatum, autogamy, ii. 355. 

 Cerastium longirostre, autogamy, ii. 338. 

 Cerastium macrocarpum, capsule in dry and 

 wet weather, ii. 448. 



mites and flower metamorphosis, ii. 



548. 

 Cerastium triviale, gall-mites and flower 



metamorphosis, ii. 548. 

 Ceratium, ii. 625. 

 Ceratocephalus falcatus, hooked fruit, ii. 



873. 

 Ceratodactylis, protection of sporangia, ii. 13. 

 Ceratonia SUiqua, ii. 552. 



fruit, u. 535. 



Ceratonion, term applied to horn-like gaU, ii. 



532. 

 Ceratophyllum, as lime accumulators, i. 260. 



— embryo, ii. 450. 



— food-absorption, i. 765. 



— sub-aqueous, no roots, i. 76. 

 Ceratopogon, in Aristolochia Clematlti.^i 



flower, ii. 226. 



— in inflorescence of Arum, ii. 164. 

 Ceratopteris, protection of sporangia, ii. 13. 

 Ceratopteris thalictroides, frond-buds, ii. 39. 

 Ceratozamia, Central America, ii. 720. 



— cotyledon in germination, i. 606. 

 Cercis siliquastrum, authocyanin in buds, i 



484. 



leaf-blades, i. 408. 



reserve-buds, ii. 32. 



torsion of leaf -stall; s. 1. 418. 



u:i7 



Ccreis Biliquantnim, venation. I. 632. 

 Cereals, positlonB of leaf-blaaw. i 428. 



— reared in artificial culture »oI>uion. 1 100 

 Ccreud, 1. 327. 



— and night viBitors, 11. 196, 197. 



— autogamy, ii. 347. 



— climbing root*, 1. 754. 



— courixj of t)ollen-tubci. ii. 410. 



— on trees, i. 106. 



— splncB, i. 446. 



Cereua dosyacanthuB. autogamy, il. 347. 



whole plant, ii. 787. 



CereuB giganteus, flower and fruit. 11. 787. 

 Cereiis gruudiUorus, opening and cloalng, IL 



212. 



ovary, ii. 77. 



ovules, ii. 77. 



size of flowers, II. 185. 



Cereus nycticaluB, arrangement of pcriantli- 



leavcB, i. 641. 



climbing roots, i. 702. 



opening and closing, il. 21i 



size of flowers, ii. 185. 



Cerinthe, autogamy, ii. 379. 



— pollen sprinkling, ii. 275. 

 Ceroiylon andicola, height, i. 712 ; 11. 740. 

 vertical range, li. 742. 



Cesaipino, Italian botanist ; viewrs on struo- 

 tural variation, i. 8. 



— system of classification, 11. COl. 

 Cestrum, protection of pollen, il. 118. 

 Cestnmi aurantiacum, corolla and autogamy, 



ii. 367. 

 Ceterach, hybrids in, ii. 582. 

 Ceterach otticinarum, rolling up of frond. L 



314. 

 Cetonia, abode in flowers, il. 163. 



— and aminoid scents, il. 207. 



Cetraria islandica, a fruticoso lichen, it 

 694. 



pycnidia, ii. 693. 



Chajrophyllum, geitonogamy, ii. 320, 324. 



— how protected, i. 451. 

 Chierophyllum aromaticum, flowers, Borte of, 



ii. 296. 

 Chierophyllum bulbosum, germination, i. 622. 

 Chrerophyllum Cicutaria, anthocyanin, I. 522. 



flowers, sorts of, ii. 296. 



Chserophyllum birsutum, bchaTiour of it» 



mens, i. 740. 

 Chajtocladium, sporangioles, ii. 673. 

 Cha;topelti3, thallus, ii. 653. 

 Chajtophora, reticular, i. 586. 



— thallus, ii. 652. 



Chietopboraceie, charactcristica, ii. 65i 

 Cliaffweed. See Cfn(iiiicu/iM niinimiu. 

 Chalazogamse, of Treub, ii. 616. 

 Chalazogamic fertilization in Alnus, IL 413. 

 in Amentaccie, ii. 614. 



in Carpinus, ii. 412. 



in Casuarina, ii. 616. 



Chalcididffi and Ficus, il. 160. 

 Chamaicyparis, winter colour, i. 485. 

 Chamiedorea, cotyledon in germination, 1. 608. 

 Chaniffiorcbis alpina, allurement of Inaeoti, 



iL206. 

 Chama-rops cxcelsa, fruits, ii. 740. 

 Chamoiiops bumilis, geographical diitiibu- 



tion, il. 740. 



height, i. 712. 



Chamomile, Wild. See Matricaria cKamo- 



milla. 

 Change of position of anthers and ftlgmaa, 



IL 305. 

 Olmntarolles. See Canthartllia cibariu4. 

 Chantransia, epiphytic, I. 161. 

 Clmra, a genus of stoneworU, L 260. 



— embryology, il. 61. 



— lime incrustation, IL 660. 



— structure, i. 590. 



( 'hara eoratophylla, lime tocumulator. L S80. 

 Clmracrinltn, asexual (niit-formation, U. 46T. 



t)arUiencKonc«i», ii. 4G1. 



I 'hara foBtida. ii i^CO. 



• — osh conRtlluentB, 1. 68. 

 ( 'liarn fragilis, U. 63. 

 - life-historj-, li. 659. 



