938 



Chara fragilis, structure and reproduction, 



ii. 660. 

 Chara nidis, great lime accumulator, i. 260. 

 Chara stelligera, starch stars, ii. 660. 

 Cbaracese, i. 424 ; ii. 606. 



— apical-cell, division, i. 578. 



— fossil, fruits, ii. 661. 



— lime deposition, strengthening, i. 425 



— structure and reproduction, ii. 659. 

 Characium, nature of, ii. 639. 

 Charales, ii. 659. 



Cheilanthus odora, rolling up of frond, i. 314. 

 Cheiranthus Cheiri, possible cause of doub- 

 ling, ii. 554. 



scent, ii. 201. 



vitality of spermatoplasm, ii. 96. 



Chelidonium, autogamy, ii. 341. 



— ovary, ii. 76. 



Chelidonium majus, caruncle, ii. 425. 



epiphyllous buds, ii. 43. 



latex, i. 470. 



Chemical affinity, i. 58. 

 Chenopodiaceie, ii. 468. 



— androecium, ii. 750. 



— embryo, ii. 422. 



— exstipulate, ii. 749. 

 Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus, i, 450. 

 Chenopodium Quinoa, endoeperm, ii. 750. 

 Cherleria sedoides, nectaries, ii. 176. 

 Chermes, parthenogenesis, ii. 464. 

 Chermes abietis, and gall formation, ii. 534, 



544, 551. 

 Cherry, Dwarf. See Prunus Cfuimcecerasus. 



— protection, ii. 446. 

 Cherry-gum, source, i. 458. 

 Chervil. See Chtierophijllum. 

 Chestnut. See Castanea. 



Chickweed, common. See Stellaria media. 

 Chili Pine. See Aravcaria imbricata. 

 Chinese, and artificial crossing, ii. 555. 



— galls, ii. 535. 



— Primrose. See Primula sinensis. 



— Tree of Heaven. See Ailanthus glandu- 



losa. 

 Chirita sinensis, epiphyllous buds, ii. 43. 

 Chirouomus and Aristolochia Clematitis, ii. 



244. 



— and Arum ItaUcum, ii. 165. 

 Chitinous insects, protection against, ii. 237. 

 Chives. See Allium Schmiopraaum. 

 Chlamydomonadeae, description, ii. 628. 

 Chlamydomouas, reproduction, ii. 629. 



— vacuoles of swarm-spore, i. 30. 

 Chlamydospore and teleutospore, ii. 684. 

 Chlamydospores, in Hemiasci, ii. 674. 



— nature of, ii. 685. 



— of Ascomycetes, ii. 676. 



— of Hemibasidii, ii. 674. 



— of Mucor, ii. 673. 

 Chlorangium, life-cycle, ii. 636. 

 Chloranthy. See Antholysis. 

 ChlorenchjTna, of switch-plants, i. 331. 



— transpiring tissue, i. 278. 

 Chlorine, i. 83. 



— in ash of plants, i. 66. 

 Chlorochytrium Lemnje, habitat, life-history, 



ii. 637. 

 Chlorophyceaj, ii. 606. 



— alliances of, ii. 620. 



— biological importance, ii. 627. 



— description, ii. 627. 



— reproduction, ii. 628. 

 Chlorophyll, i. 460. 



— absence not essential character of sapro- 



phytes, i. 103. 



— and depth of water, i. 387. 



— and light, i. 391 ; ii. 510. 



— distribution in mesophyll, i. 279. 



— fluorescence and function, i. 519. 



— in aerial roots, i. 754. 



— in Algce, i. 375. 



— in cotyledons, i. 622. 



— in cotyledons and endosperm of Mistletoe, 



i. 206. 



— in relation to saprophytism, i. 102. 



— in roots, i. 766. 



— iron ixecessary for formation of, i. 67. 



Chlorophyll, modus operandi, i. 379. 



— presence in all members, i. 375. 



— properties, composition, ash, theories 



about, i. 372. 



— protection, i. 390. 

 Chlorophyll-corpuscles, action on carbonic 



acid, i. 60. 

 and decomposition of carbonic acid, &c., 



i. 63, 465. 371. 



and streaming protoplasm, i. 34. 



arrangement, i. 375. 



changes in autumn leaves, i. 486. 



composition and activity, i. 430. 



function, general considerations, i. 377. 



in motile protoplasts, i. 30. 



in protonema of Luminous Moss, i. 385. 



— — movements, i. 380. 

 of Floridese, i. 390. 



protean properties, i. 381. 



shape, &c., i. 42, 139. 



situation in cell, shape, multiplication, 



number, i. 371, 373. 



starch-grains in, i. 459. 



Chlorophytum comosum, vegetative propa- 

 gation, ii. 820. 



Cholera, i. 162, 163, 265, 506. 



Cholera Bacterium. See Spirochcete cholerce 

 asiatica;. 



Chondrilla, geitonogamy, ii. 319. 



Chondrioderma ditforme, life-history, i. 572. 



Christiania, time of flowering, i. 518. 



Chromatophore, behaviour in Mougeotiacese, 

 ii. 658. 



— fate in male gamete of Spirogyra, ii. 658. 



— of Chlamydomouas, ii. 629. 



— of Hydrodiotyon, ii. 640. 



— of Pediastrum, ii. 639. 



— reduction in male gametes, ii. 633. 

 Chromatophores of Conjugatse, ii. 654. 



— of Desmids, ii. 655. 



— of Dinoflagellata, ii. 625. 



— of Spirogyra, ii. 654. 

 Chroococcaceie, as lichen algae, ii. 692. 



— characteristic genera, ii. 621. 

 Chroococous, alga of Cora, ii. 695. 

 Chroococcuscinnamomeus,brlck-red patches, 



i. 105. 



Chroolepideae, symbionts of Lichens, dis- 

 persal, i. 246. 



Chrysanthemum and ancient crossing, i. 555. 



Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum, effect of 

 mutilation, ii. 517. 



Chrysobalanus, flower, ii. 293, 779. 



Chrysosplenium, dehiscence of poUeu-sacs, 

 ii. 92. 



Chrysosplenium altemifolium, autogamy, ii. 

 379. 



Chytridese, microscopic parasites, i. 169. 



— selection of host, i. 171. 

 Chytridiacese, ii. 606, 668. 



— characters, ii. 671. 



— sporangia and spores, ii. 17. 

 Chytridium Olla, life-history, i. 170. 

 sporangia, &c., ii. 17. 



swarm-spore development, ii. 669. 



Cibotium, protection of sporangia, ii. 13. 

 Cicada and cuckoo-spit, ii. 490, 544. 

 Cichorium, protection of pollen, ii. 114. 

 Cichorium Intyhus, latitude and closing, ii. 



217, 218. 

 Cicuta virosa, absorptive cells of, i. 91. 

 Cider, i. 507. 

 Cilia, fate of, i. 31. 



— of Bacteria, ii. 623. 



— of swarm-spores, ii. 17. 



— of Vaucheria clavata, i. 24. 



— sorts of, i. 29. 



— vibratile, function of, i. 57. 

 Cilissa, sheltering in flowers, ii. 163. 

 Cimicifuga, colouredstamen-fiIaments,ii. 183. 



— nectaries, ii. 179. 

 Cimicifuga foetida, scent, ii. 202. 

 Cinchona, capsule, ii. 431. 



— seed, ii. 423. 

 Cincinnus, i. 738. 



Cinclidotus riparius, as mud-collector, i. 



Cinnamomum.dehiscence of pollen-sacs, ii. 93. 



— fossil, i. 636. 



— protection of poUen, ii. 124. 



— venation, i. 629. 

 Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, ii. 752. 

 Ciunamyl-alcohol, scent, ii. 200. 

 Cinnyridne, and transference of pollen, ii. 247. 

 Cinquefoil. See Potentilla. 



— Marsh. See Comarum palustre. 

 Cinquefoils, vernation, i. 350. 

 Circsea, pollen-grains, ii. 99, 101, 102. 

 Circiea alpina, absorptive cells and food- 

 absorption, i. 114. 



autogamy, ii. 343, 344. 



flower, ii. 236. 



fniit, ii. 343. 



habitat, i. 110. 



inflorescence and flowers, ii. 343. 



pollen-grains, ii. 98. 



tubers, ii. 796. 



Circsea Lutetiana, hooked fruit, ii. 871. 

 Circumnutatiou, nature of, i. 684. 

 Cirrhus foliaris, &c., i. 692, 694. 

 Cirsium, distribution of sexes, ii. 299. 



— hybrids, ii. 558, 585. 



— imperfect flowers, ii. 294. 



— results of various crossings, ii. 560. 



— spinose leaves, i. 438. 



— variation in hybrids, ii. 593. 



Cirsium affine, vegetative propagation, ii. 

 459. 



Cirsium aquilonare, hybrid, ii. 560. 



Cirsium arvense, and bud-galls of Urophora 

 cardui, ii. 543. 



and Puccinia suaveolens, ii. 525. 



&c., scent, ii. 202. 



shade and growth, ii. 506. 



Cirsium Erisithales and C. palustre, hybrids, 

 u. 559. 



Cirsium heterophyUum and C. canum, two- 

 coloured leaves, habitat, i. 293. 



and C. oleraceum, hybrid between, Ii. 



459. 



and C. spinosissimum, hybrid from, ii. 



459. 



Cirsium Linkianum, ii. 560. 



Cirsium nemorale, i. 436. 



deciduous plumes, ii. 860. 



pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



Cirsium ochroleucum, hybrid, ii. 560. 



Cirsium oleraceum and C. heterophyUum, 

 hybrids, ii. 559. 



Cirsium Pannonicum and C. Erisithales, hy- 

 brids, ii. 559. 



Cirsium purpureum, vegetative propagation, 

 ii. 458. 



Cirsium spinosissimum, i. 450. 



coloured bracts, ii. 183. 



Cirsium tataricum, hybrid of C. caimm x C. 

 oleraceum, ii. 586. 



Cissus, anthocyanin, i. 484. 



— host of Rafflesias, i. 200. 



— tendrUs, i. 694, 697, 699. 



— plants, used as vegetable springs, i. 271. 

 Cissus Veitchii. See Vitis inconstans. 

 Cistus, aestivation, ii. 210. 



— conducting tissue for pollen-tubes, ii. 410. 



— duration of flowers, ii. 214. 



— hairs, i. 323. 



— hybrids, ii. 584. 



— nectarless, ii. 167. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 124. 



— shrubs, hosts of Cytinus Hypocistus, L 



204. 



— sticky forms, ii. 235. 



Cistus Clusii, &c., varnish-like coating, i. 312. 

 Cistus Creticus, opening and closing, ii. 212. 

 Cistus laurifolius, varnish-like coating, i. 312. 

 Citric acid, i. 463. 



in Nepenthes pitcher, i. 135. 



Citron, oil of, ii. 203. 



— of Florence. See Citrus medica. 



— scent, ii. 203. 



Citrus, buds on leaf-cuttings, ii. 43. 

 - hybrids, ii. 569. 



— receptacle, i. 746. 

 Citrus medica, ii. 569. 



