INDEX. 



'JVi 



Euphorbiaceic, phyllocladous, i. 334. 



— spines, i. 446. 



— staminal filaments, ii. 88. 



— stiuging hairs, i. 441. 



Euphrasia, abundance in mountainous dis- 

 tricts, i. 178. 



— geographical distribution, i. 176. 



— injury to pastures, i. 179. 



— parasitic, i. 176, 243. 



— protection of pollen from wet, ii 110. 



— variability of tloral colour, ii. 569. 



— venation, i. 631. 



Euphrasia minima, autogamy, ii. 253, 351. 

 Euphrasia oflacinalis, sheltering of poUen, ii 



109. 

 Euphrasia Rostkoviana, &c., corolla and auio 



gamy, ii. 366. 1 



Euriops, pericarp mucilage, i 615. | 



European lianes, i. 670. 

 Eurotium, i. 263, 677. 



— fermentative action, i. 508. 



— mycelium and reproductive organs, ii. 679. 

 Euryangium Sumbul, geographical distribu- 

 tion, flowering, i. 745. 



mechanical tissue arrangement, i. 730. 



musk-scented leaves, ii. 199. 



Evaporation, in plants, general considera- 

 tions, i. 226. 



Evax, hairiness, i. 317. 



Evergreen leaves, preparation for resting 

 period, i. 485. 



Evergreens, cuticle usually thick, 1. 310. 



Evolution, discussion on, ii. 609. 



— of plants and classification, ii. 607. 

 Ex-albuminous, applied to seed, ii. 421. 

 Excoriation of capitate cells during imbibi- 

 tion of water, i. 229. 



Excretion, by discoid glands, of Alpine Eose, 

 i. 232. 



— from water-absorbing apparatus of Aspen, 



i. 238. 

 Excretions, viscous, of caryophyllaceous 



plants, i. 461. 

 Exidia, appearance, i. 112. 

 Existence, struggle for, ii. 600. 

 Exoascaceas, description, ii. 676. 

 Exoascus Alni-incaute, galls, ii. 523. 

 Exoascus amentorum. See E. Alni-incance. 

 Exoascus Carpini and Witches' Brooms of 



Hornbeam, ii. 527, 676. 

 Exoascus Cerasi, and Prunus, ii. 527. 

 Exoascus deformans, and "curl" disease, ii. 



524, 676. 

 Exoascus epiphyllus, and Alnus incana, ii. 



527. 

 Exoascus insititise on Prunus insititia, ii. 527. 

 Exoascus Pruni, and pocket-plum, ii. 524, 670. 

 Exoascus turgidus, and Betula verrucosa, ii. 



527. 

 Exobasidese, hosts, ii. 688. 



— hymenium, ii. 688. 

 Exobasidium, gall-formation, ii. 519. 

 Exobasidium Lauri, ii. 521, 688. 

 Exobasidium Rhododendri, ii. 688. 



gall-formation, ii. 520. 



Exubasidium Vaccinii, ii. 526, 6S8. 

 Exocarpus, switch-plant, i. 330. 

 Exogamy, nature of, ii. 647. 

 Exogena;, of De CandoUe, ii. 603. 

 Exusmosis. See Ositwsis. 



Exustemma longiflorum, flowers after pol- 

 lination, ii. 222. 

 Exothecium, of anther, ii. 94. 

 Experiments, cultural, diflioulties of, ii. 513. 



— questions addressed to nature, i. 18. 

 Explosive apparatus for pollen dispersal, ii, 



260, 264, 265, 266, 267, 269. 

 Exposure, and opening of flowers, ii. 219. 

 Expulsive-fruits, range of, ii. 839. 

 Extinction, incomplete, ii. 902. 

 Extine, of poUen-grain, ii. 100. 

 Extrorse, of anthers, ii. 95. 

 Eyebright. See Euphrasia. 

 Eye-spot, of Chlamydomonas, function, ii, 



629. 



— of spermatozoid, ii. 52. 

 Eye-spots, of Volvox, ii. 635 



"Eyes", leaf characteristics of shoots from, 



u. 516. 

 — of potato, i. 651. 



Fading of corolla and pollination, ii. 286. 

 Fagus, i. 263; ii. 761. 



— and galls of Hormomyia fagi, ii. 537. 



— and Witches' Broom, ii. 527. 



— ash of leaves from diflferent localities, 1. 



69. 



— avoided by Mistletoe, i. 205. 



— bud-scales, i. 626. 



— cupule, ii. 434. 



effect of grazing animals, i. 445. 



— fertilization porogamic, ii. 413. 

 host of Pilacre, ii. 687. 

 hybrids of, ii. 583. 



— mite-galls, ii. 529. 



— phyllotaxis, i. 399. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 99, 102. 



— poUination, ii. 133, 135. 



— protogynous, ii. 313. 



— root-tip with mycelial mantle, i. 250. 

 Fagus sylvatica, cotyledons, i. 621. 

 deciduous hairs, i. 354. 



dimensions, i. 722. 



foliage constant, i. 559. 



leaf-unfolding, i. 353. 



liberation of cotyledons, i. 613. 



normal and sucker leaves, ii. 615. 



vernation, i. 350. 



— — vertical range, i. 527. 

 Fairy rings, ii. 792. 



Falcaria ravini, periodically pendulous 



umbels, i. 530. 

 Fall of leaf, i. 347. 

 Falling Stars. See Nostoc. 

 False Indigo. See Amorpha. 

 Families, mutual relationships, ii. 605. 



— of flowering plants, number, ii. 604. 

 Family, subdivision of alliance, ii. 617. 

 Fan-palms, spines, i. 433 ; ii. 740. 

 Fasciation, due to gall-mites, ii. 549. 

 Fascicle, i. 738. 



Fascicled roots, i. 751. 

 Fat, in endosperm, ii. 421. 



— transformation, i. 601. 

 Father-plant, in hybridization, ii. 557. 

 Fats, i. 216. 



— vegetable, functions and composition, 



i. 462. 

 Fatty acids, nature of, i. 463. 

 Favus, medical name for ringworm, i. 



169. 

 Feather-foil. See Holtonia. 

 Feather-grass. See Stipa capillata. 

 Feather-leaved Palms, ii. 740. 

 Fegatella, receptacles, ii. 697. 

 "Fel de terra", i.e. earth-gall, native 



name of Lophophytum mirabile tubers, 



i. 196. 

 Felspar, i. 80, 83. 



— attacked by lichens, i. 257. 

 Felt, of hairs, i. 324. 



— tjTje of community, ii. 889, 894. 

 Felt-galls, ii. 528, 529. 

 Felt-hairs, and animals, i. 442. 



Felt-like mycelial mantle on Phanerogam 



roots, i. 249. 

 Fennel. See Famiculum. 

 Fenugreek. See Trigonella /cenum-grctcum. 

 Ferment action, hypothesis, i. 509. 

 of Bacteria, i. 162. 



— of Pinguicula, action on milk, i. 142, 143. 



— secreted by Drosera glands, i. 144. 

 Fermentation, alcoholic, i. 506. 



— and enzymes, i. 464. 



— and Moulds, i. 507. 



— and respiration, mutual replacement, i. 



509. 



— and Saccharomyces, li. 68*. 



— by Bacteria, i. 623. 



— nature of, i. 505 ; ii. 519. 

 Ferment-fungi, i. 505. 



Fermenta, nature, function, 4c . I VA 

 Fern, life-cycle, ii 476 



— life-liiiilory. 11. 708. 



— young sporopbyle, II. 472 

 Fcrn-li-nreB, membranous Kklt*, I. 386. 

 Feni-|irothallium. I. 88. 384; II C7. 472. 70e. 

 Fcrim, ii. 61. 



— alternation of gonerttloni, II. 47Z 



— aniiiliigonlum, li. 67. 



— anlheridia, ii. 67. 



— apical cell, 1. 579. 



— as Baprophytes. I. 100. 



— buja on froniln. li. 39. 



— certain, which roll up their leaTe*. I. 314. 



— climate and diitributinn. ii. 457. 



— effect of strung light. 1. 391. 



— fertilization, ii. 71, 475. 



— fossil. 1. 636. 



— fronds and light, I 413 



— fruit, ii. 7. 



— habitau, ii. 705. 



-- hybrids among, ii. 582. 



— not eaten by animals, i. 432. 



— on ground of woods, I. 109. 



— on trees, i. 106. 



— Palajozoic, ii. 612. 



— propagation by offsbooU, ii. 458. 

 historical review, ii. 8. 



— rarely attacked by parasitic fungi, i. 168. 



— rolling of young fronds, 1. 348. 



— sai)rophytic, on steep rocks, i 106l 



— scent, ii. 615. 



— sori. ii. 11. 



— spore formation, ii. 10. 



— sporophyte, ii. 704. 



— stem, varieties of, ii. 476. 



— two generations distinct, ii. 474. 



— various, ii. 707. 



— wax on fronds, i. 292. 

 Ferraria, equitant leaves, i. 336. 

 Fertilization, ii. 415. 



— and mucilage in Ferns, ii. 'J8. 



— and order of blossoming, i. 739. 



— and origin of species, ii. 594. 



— and pendulous flowers, i. 530. 



— changes initiated by, ii. 422. 



— conditions in Phanerogams, il. 72. 



— essence of process, ii. 46. 



— essential difference between Cryptognns 



and Phanerogams, ii. 418. 



— in Ferns, ii. 475. 



— in FlorideiB, ii. 60. 



— in Helianthemum marifoliuo), ii. 411. 



— in Marsilia, Salviuia, and SelagincUa, IL 



69. 



— in Moulds, doubted, ii. 677. 



— in Muscinete, li. 65. 



— in Peronosporeaj, il. 669. 



— In Phanerogamia, ii. 717. 



— of inclosed ooplast, ii. 54. 



— of Orchids, by Darwin, II. 738. 



— resemblance in Muscinca) and Cliarsoea, 



il. 66. 



— twelve typical processes, il. 48. 



— unsolved problems, ii. 415. 

 Fertilizing-tube of Perono«porc», ii. 56. 



of Saprolegniaccio, ii. 4S4. 



Ferula, flowering. I. 745. 



Ferulago, geitonoganiy, II. 325. 

 Fescue-grasses. Sec Frtluca. 

 Festuca, ii. 746. 



— and Lolium. hybridlraUon. U. 583. 



— leaf-closiug. 1. 340. 



— pollination, ii. MX 



— stomata, I. 340. 



— vascular buniUes of leaf, I. 543 

 Fcstuca alix-stris and cattle, l. 436. 



leaf, section. 1. 342 



Fcstuca alpina, bulbils, li 454. 

 Festucaamndinaaa. barl». I. 439 

 Fcstuca nigrtjsocua, anthcxryaiiin In sluoM^ 



1.522. 

 Festuca Purcil, loaf, section. I 343 

 Fcstuca punctoria, leaf. K>c<ion. I. 345 



stomata on upixr leal suifaoe, locaJUft- 



Uon of wax. i. 592 

 Festuc* niplcaprina, bulbils. IL 4S4. 



