948 



INDEX. 



Festucas, poisonous, i. 341. 



Fibres, fleshy, of seedling Orobanche, i. 



185. 

 Fibrils, nuclear, i. 581. 

 Fibrin, i. 458. 

 Fibrous bark, i. 720. 



— layer, of anther, ii. 96. 

 Ficacese, ii. 758. 

 Ficoidales, ii. 787. 

 Ficus, i. 193. 



— buds on aerial roots, ii. 28. 



— clasping roots, i. 702, 705. 



— clinging roots, i. 754. 



— flowers, ii. 159. 



— formerly considered parasitic, i. 159. 



— from chalk, ii. 613. 



— gall-flowers, ii. 160. 



— Indian species, climbing peculiarities, i. 



709. 



— inflorescence, receptacle and fruit-forma- 



tion, ii. 435. 



— insects and pollen, ii. 244. 



— latex, i. 470. 



— lattice-forming climbing roots, 1. 711. 



— number of species, ii. 162. 



— pistil, ii. 160. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 97, 102. 



— protective stipules, i. 626. 



— relation to insects, ii. 159, 162. 



— roots form living bridges, Ii. 758, 750. 



— synconium, ii. 159. 



Ficus Benjamina, incrusting climbing roots, 



i. 707. 

 Ficus carica and Blastophaga grossorum, ii. 

 161, 540. 



gall-flowers, ii. 157. 



inflorescences, ii. 157. 



Ficus elastica, i. 755. 



roots, i. 756. 



Ficus Indica, stem and roots, i. 755. 

 Ficus nitida, roots, i. 757. 

 Ficus pumila, flowers, ii. 157. 

 Ficus religiosa, roots, i. 757. 

 Ficus scandens, leaf-mosaic, i. 430. 



unsymmetrical, unequal leaves, i. 422. 



Ficus stipulata, climbing roots, i. 702. 



foliage, i. 708. 



Field-mice and plants, i. 763. 



Field Pansy. See Viola arvensis. 



Fig. See Ficus. 



Figwort. See Scrophularia. 



Filago, hairiness, i. 317. 



Filago mixta and other hybrids, ii. 585. 



Filament of ovule, i. 644. 



— of stamen, i. 642; ii. 86, 88. 

 Filamentous cell-complex, i. 586. 

 Filaments,protoplasmic,lnLathrseacapitate- 



cells, i. 136. 



prey capturing, i. 135. 



Filamentum, i. 642. 



Filices. See Ferns. 



Filmy Ferns. See Hymenophyllaceos. 



Filtration of food-sap, from cell to cell, i. 270. 



"Fingers and Toes", cause of, ii. 522. 



Fir - tree, wood perforated by sinkers of 



Mistletoe, i. 209. 

 Fir-trees, curvature of branches, i. 416. 

 Fiis. See Abies and Picea. 

 Firs and Birches, struggle for existence, ii. 



614. 



— vertical range, i. 527. 

 Fission-fungi. See Schizomycetea. 

 Fissured bark, i. 720. 



Fistular leaf, i. 428. 



Flagella of Chlamydomonas, ii. 629. 



— of Dinoflagellata, ii. 625. 

 Flagellaria Indica, tendrils, i. 692. 

 Flamingo Plant. See Anthurium Scher- 



zerianum. 

 Fleabane. See Inula. 

 Flecking, white, of leaves. 



Flies and Empusa Muscse, i. 



— and finely-marked petals, 



— and indoloid scents, ii. 20', 



— and scroll-galls, ii. 530. 



i of appear- 

 ii. 672. 



Flinty armour, i. 323. 



Floatation of fruits, ii. 847. 



Floating contrivances, i. 638. 



Flora, application of term by Linnaeus, i. 6. 



— Arctic, general absence of hairs, i. 316. 



— of north coast of Africa, spinose, i. 434. 



— of Spain, spinose, i. 434. 



— scope of term, ii. 1. 



— why rich in rock-cracks, i. 109. 



Flora der Provinz Brandenburg, Ascherson's 



& Braun's system, ii. 605. 

 Floral Biology, treatise by Loew, ii. 399. 

 Floral clock, Linnaeus's, ii. 215. 

 Floral leaves, i. 597. 



and fungal parasites, ii. 524. 



arrangement, ii. 73. 



division of labour, i. 645. 



nature and succession, i. 640. 



nectaries, ii. 176. 



Floral receptacle, meaning, i. 736, 746. 



— stem, adaptation to function, i. 749 



nature and parts, i. 736. 



Floras, ii. 885. 



— migration of range, ii. 592. 



— of Lapland, Sweden, England, Piedmont, 



Caruiola, Austria, &c., 18th century, i. 8. 



— the chief, enumerated, ii. 898. 



Florets, of Compositae, protection of pollen, 



ii. 116. 

 Floridete, i. 161, 169, 246; ii. 606, 620. 



— absence of wood and stomata, i. 284. 



— alternation of generations, ii. 481. 



— as epiphytes, i. 77. 



— behaviour in distilled water, i. 78. 



— favourite habitat, i. 105. 



— fertilization and fruit-formation, i. 53, 61. 



— fossil remains, ii. 614. 



— fruit, ii. 7. 



— habits, i. 587. 



— luminosity, i. 388. 



— pigment, i. 388. 



— range, i. 390. 



— seasonal development, i. 563. 



— "sporangia" and spore-formation, ii. 22. 



— structure, i. 590. 



— tetraspores, ii. 24. 

 Flower, actinomorphic, ii. 229. 



— application of term, i. 640. 



— double, ii. 80. 



— duties of, ii. 717. 



— female, of Cupressus, ii. 443. 



of Juniperus. ii. 442. 



of Pinus Pumilio, ii. 722. 



— largest in world, i. 202. 



— lateral, i. 641. \ 



— of Rafflesia Padma, i. 203. \ 



— of Scybalium fungi forme, i. 189. \ 



— protandrous, ii. 307. 



— protogynous, ii. 307. 



— size and autogamy, ii. 396. 



— temperature variation, i. 502. 



— terminal, i. 641. 



— zygomorphic, ii. 229. 

 Flower-buds, respiratory heat, i. 498. 

 " Flower-dust ", ii. 85. 



" Flower fidelity " of insects, ii. 206. 

 Flower-opening, thermal constants, i. 559. 

 Flower-production and cUmatic conditions, 



ii. 474. 

 Flower-stalk, in fniit formation, ii. 435. 



origin, &c., i. 736. 



tendrUs, i. 693. 



Flowering and elevation, i. 526. 



— and sunshine, ii. 474. 



— premature, caused bs parasitic fungi, ii. 



525. 



— table of dates, i. 519. 



Flowering Ash. See Fraxinus Orniis. 

 Flowering axes, protective waxy coatings, ii. 



237. 

 Flowering Fern. See Osmunda reoalis. 

 "Flowering Fungi", applied to PhaUoideee, 



ii. 691. 

 Flowering-rush. See Butomus. 

 Flowers, alpine, colour of, ii. 198. 



— and animal visits, ii. 153. 



— and insects, i. 743. 



Flowers as insect shelters, ii. 163. 



— behaviour of perianth-leaves after fertili- 



zation, ii. 222. 



— cause of opening, ii. 219. 



— change of colour, i. 376. 



— classification according to sex, ii. 295. 



— cleistogamic, ii. 391, 392. 



— closing, ii. 215. 



— colour, ii. 182. 



— colour-contrasts, ii. 184, 189. 



— cross-fertilization, ii. 300. 



— double, and vegetative propagation, ii. 459. 

 long fresh, ii. 287. 



— duration, ii. 214. 



— ephemeral, ii. 212. 



— gradations from hermaphrixlite to uni- 



sexual, ii. 295. 



— heterostyled, ii. 302. 



— honey secreting, ii. 171. 



— imprisonment of insects, ii. 164. 



— incompletely dichogamous. ii. 309. 



— metamorphoses through gall-mites, ii. 548. 



— mutual accommodation, i. 743. 



— of Mosses, ii. 702. 



— of Orobanche, i. 183. 



— opening and closing, ii. 116. 212, 215. 



— pendent, and insect visits, ii. 222. 



— periodic bending, i. 531. 



movements and protection of pollen, ii. 



120. 



— preservation through dryness, i. 262. 



— protection against snails and slugs, ii. 



238. 



by sticky glands, ii. 236. 



from loss of heat, i. 529. 



— seasonal colour-curves, ii. 197. 



— size, ii. 185. 



and temperature, ii. 503. 



— structural correlation to insects, ii. 152. 



— temperature within, i. 500. 

 Flowers of Tan. See Fuligo varians. 

 "Flowers of the Sea", gas-vacuoles, i. 389; 



Fluorescence, of chlorophyll solution, i. 372. 



— of erythrophyll, i. 388. 

 Fluorescing pigments, of plants, i. 379. 

 Fluorine, in plants, i. 68. 

 Fluviales, general characters, ii. 738. 

 Fly-agaric. See Agaricus musca7-ius. 

 Flj'-catcher. See Drosophyllum lusitanieum. 

 Fly-trap. See Dioncea. 



Foeniculum. foliage, i. 413. 



— geitonogamy, ii. 325. 



Foeniculum aromaticum. schizocarp, ii. 427. 



Fbhn-wind, velocity, i. 525. 



Folding, of grass-leaves, i. 341, 342, 343, 346. 



— of Moss-leaves, i. 346. 

 Folia connata, i. 596. 



— decurrentia, i. 596. 



— perfoliata, i. 596. 



— sessilia, i. 595. 

 Foliaoeous carpels, ii. 83. 



— Lichens, i. 245; ii. 694. 

 Foliage, sticky, ii. 236. 



— variety, cause of, i. 396. 



— wrinkled and grooved, i. 326. 



— young, and frost, i. 545. 



sensitiveness, i. 539. 



Foliage-leaf, variety of functions, i. 627. 

 Foliage-leaves, i. 597. 



position in relation to absorbent roots, 



i. 92. 



position relatively to horizon, i. 92. 



transitions from water-catching to 



animal-catching, i. 157. 

 Foliage-production, thermal constants, i. 



559. 

 Foliage-stem, i. 650, 655, 660, 710. 

 Foliar structures, ideas of origin, i. 8. 

 Folium=leaf=leaf-blade, i. 596. 

 Folium fulcrans, i. 641. 

 Follicle, nature of, ii. 430. 

 Fontanesia, reserve-buds, ii. 33. 

 Fontanesia jasminoides, freezing, i 

 Fontinalis, aquatic Moss, ii. 704. 

 Food, conduction of, i. 269. 



— selective absorption by Fungi, i. 



546. 



