INDEX. 



949 



Food-absorption, by coral-like and tuberous 



caulomes, i. 114. 



by Mildews, i. 166. 



by water, marsh, &c., plants, i. 75. 



general consideration of, i. 55., 



movements related to, i. 56. 



of Monotropa, i. 253. 



osmosis in, i. 59. 



similarity of, in Moulds, Toad-stools, 



and Discomycetes, i. 163. 



theory of, i. 57. 



Food-gases, transmission, i. 367. 

 Food-material, gaseous, i. 367. 



ultimate destination, i. 371. 



Food-salts, absorption by water-plants, i. 78. 



absorption of, i. 67. 



accumulation in uppermost layers of 



earth, through action of plants, i. 259. 



application of term, i. 66. 



cause of movement, i. 72. 



conduction, i. 513. 



dilute solutions best, i. 73. 



examples of selection by plants, i. 69. 



in liquid of water-receptacles, i. 242. 



raw, mechanics of movement, i. 269. 



theory of absorption, i. 85. 



transport, i. 3ti6. 



Foot, of Acetabularia, ii. 647. 



— of Liverwort sporophyte, ii. 696. 



— of young Fern sporophyte, ii. 475. 

 Force, due to growth and ice formation, i. 



517. 



— of growing cells, i. 513. 

 Forcing, of plants, i. 564. 

 Foreign pollen and stigma, ii. 404. 

 Forest flowers, characteristics, i. 655. 

 Forests, type of community, ii. 887, 892. 

 Forget-me-not. See Myosotis. 

 Fork-mosses, White leaved. See Leucobryum. 

 Form, in plants, on what it depends, i. 50. 

 Formic acid, i. 463. 



in Nepenthes pitcher, i. 135. 



in stinging hairs, i. 441. 



offensive weapon of ants, ii. 233. 



Formic aldehyde, formation in assimilation, 



i. 456. 

 Formica exsecta, protection of Serratula, ii. 



242. 

 Forsythia viridissima, Japan, reserve-buds, 



ii. 32. 

 Fossa Palms, ii. 742. 



— plants, agents in preservation, ii. 612. 



ancestors of modem plants, ii. 595 



and modern distribution, ii. 2. 



— Mosses, occurrence, ii. 704. 



— Myxomycetes, ii. 619. 



— Vascular Cryptogams, cause of preserva- 



tion, ii. 612. 

 Fossores and Asclepiads, ii. 258. 

 Foster, discoverer of Balanophora fungosa, 



i. 190. 

 Foster-parent, selection of, by Orobancheie, 



i. 185. 

 Foster-root, of Lophophytum, i. 194. 

 Foster-soil, on trees, i. 106. 

 Fourcroya, ii. 734. 



— cohering pollen- grains, ii. 97. 

 Foxglove. See Digitalis. 



— force of root-pressure in, i. 273. 

 Fox-tail Grass. See Alopecurm. 

 Fragaria, i. 708. 



— nectary, ii. 174. 



— persistent receptacle, ii. 435. 



— procumbent, i. 661. 

 pull of roots, i. /67. 



— runner, i. 664. 



— specific scents, ii. 488. 



Fragaria grandiflora, runner section, i. 735. 

 Fragaria vesca, f ruit-ripeniug constant, i. 559. 



vegetative propagation, ii. 801. 



FragiDaria virescens, ii. 626. 



Fragriea obovata, lattice on palm-stem, i. 681. 



supporting roots, structure, i. 761. 



France, South-west, plants with evergreen 



rolled leaves, i. 306. 

 Francisia eximia, leaf section, i. 279, 285. 

 Frangulinae, of Braun, ii. 605. 



Frankenia, habitat, extreme aridity of, 1. 237. 



— salt on leaves and stem, i. 23ij. 

 Frankia Alni, gall on Alnus roots, ii. 521. 

 Fraxinella. Si-e Dictamttus/ra^inella. 

 Fraxinus, arrangement of foliage-leaves, 1. 92. 



— bark, i. 720. 



— bud-scalea, i. 626. 



— flowering, iL 150. 



— leaf, grooved rachis, i. 232. 

 section, i. 232. 



peltate group of cells, i. 232. 



— pollarding, ii. 37. 



— pollination, ii. 138. 

 Fraxinus excelsior, age, i. 722. 



and gall of Diplosis Cotularia, ii. 534. 



dimensions, i. 722. 



distribution of sexes, ii. 298. 



&.C., fasciation, ii. 549. 



fruit and seed, ii. 428. 



inflorescences and flowers, 11 138. 



protogynous, ii. 312. 



Fraxinus nana, callus, ii. 30. 



Fraxinus ornus, imperfect flowers, ii. 294. 



scent, ii. 200. 



Free cell-formation, nature of, i. 575. 

 Freezing of plants, i. 539. 

 modern views, i. 540. 



— protection from, i. 546. 



— theoretical considerations, i. 556. 

 Fritillaria and insect visits, ii. 222. 



— autogamy, ii. 332. 



— epiphyllous buds, ii. 43. 



— nectaries, ii. 177. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 118. 



— waxy coating, ii. 237. 



Fritillaria cirrhosa, &c., tendrils, 1. 692. 

 Fritillaria imperialis, ii. 731. 



anther, ii. 90. 



bulb scales, i. 624. 



hermaphrodite and staminate flowers, 



ii. 297. 

 Fritillaria meleagris, duration of flowering, 



ii. 213. 

 Frogbit. See Hydrocharis. 

 Frond, of Fern, characteristics, ii. 705. 



morphological value, ii. 12. 



functions, ii. 476. 



FrondosEe, of Braun, ii. 605. 

 Frondose community, ii. 888, 893. 

 Frost, and leaf -fall, i. 359. 



— and young foliage, i. 545. 

 Frozen, gardeners' use of word, i. 356. 

 Fructification, of Fungi, colour, i. 165. 



— of Loranthus Europfeus, i. 211. 

 Fruit, accessory structures, ii. 433. 



— and seed of Conifer*, ii. 441. 



— boring, i. 618. 



— botanical definition, ii. 47. 



— broad sense, ii. 6, 427. 



— green, i. 376. 



— of Dudresnaya, ii. 50. 



— of Erysiphese, ii. 60. 



— of Ferns, ii. 68, 475. 



— of Fucus, ii. 53. 



— of Muscinese, ii. 66. 



— of Penicillium, ii. 60. 



— of Peronosporeae, ii. 56. 



— of Vaucheria, ii. 58. 



— ripening and allurement, ii. 446. 



— types of, ii. 427. 



Fruit-formation, essential conditions, ii. 70. 



in Aspergillus and Penicillium, ii. 18. 



in Eurotium, ii. 679. 



Fruitful and unfruitful years, ii. 471. 

 Fruiting spike, of Arum maculatum, il. 742. 

 Fruit-production, result of interference with, 



ii. 453. 

 Fruit-ripening of Characero, ii. 62. 



of Equisetaceaj, ii. 68. 



of FloridesB. ii. 62. 



of Marsilia, Salvinia, and Sclaginella, 



ii. 69. 



of Muscinese, ii. 64. 



thermal constants, i. 559. 



Fruit-sugars, formation, i. 465. 

 Fruits, aggregate and collective, ii. 436. 

 Fruits and birds, i. 463. 



PrulU and aeedi of Conlferw, tl 442, 443 



— attachment to lubstrmtum, L 615 



— boring of. i. 619. 



— dry. Bubdl»i«ion, II. 429. 



— indehlKcnt. II. 477 



— preiiervatloM " ■ . I Ml 



— protection f: 44s. 



— Blze and » . , 



— BO called of A jj 



— with cupulcs, li. 435. 



— with nioditiod receptacle or pe<liati, U. 



436. 



— with porBiBtent receptaclea, II. 434. 

 FrulUuiia, pltchuni on learea, L 25S. 

 Fruliauia dilatata, ii. 698. 



mode of a<lhcring to bark, L 106. 



Frustule, of Diatoms, li 625. 



Frutex, i. 715. 



Fruticose LichenB, it 694. 



Fruliculus, i. 715. 



Fucaceaj. as host plants, i. 77. 



— characteristics, ii. 663. 



— reproductive protoplasts, ii. 50. 

 Fucbs (1501-15C6), i. 4. 



Fuchsia, flowers after polliimtinn. II. 286. 



— Tiscin of pollen-grains, il. 101. 

 Fuchsia coccinea, &c , scarlet flower, IL IM. 

 Fucoidea), i. 169; ii. C0"J. 



— size compare<l to attachment, L 78. 

 Fucus, fruit, il. 53. 



— no altematiou of generations, 11. 48L 



— oosphere and spermatozoids, L 29. 



— structure, i. 590; ii. 61, 664. 

 Fucus vesiculosus, fertilization, IL 52. 

 Fuligo varians, colour of, i. 32. 

 Fuller's Thistle. See Cirsium. 



Fumaria, behaviour to own and foreign 



pollen, il 407. 

 Fumaria claviculata, branch-tcodrils, L 694. 



— drupaceous out, li. 427, 429. 



— honey concealment, ii. 180. 



— leaf-stalk tendrils, L 692. 

 Fumaria otliciualis, cotyleduus, i. 621. 



flower, diadelphia, li. 293. 



Funaria, hybrids, ii. 582. 



— spermatozoid, i. 29. 



Funaria hygrometrica, chlorophyll graoulaa, 

 change of shape, i. 381. 



Function, double, of various plant mechan- 

 isms, L 308. 



Fundamentum. See Bvpoeolvl. 



Fungal hypba;, development and mudcs of 

 growth, i. 589. 



Fungi, i. 161; ii. 617, 620. 



— advantage of hiniuiosity, L 504. 



— as disiutegratmg agents, L 99, 2'3. 



— characteristics, ii. 668. 



— division of Thallophyta, li. 604. 



— effect on celU attacked, U. 511 



— ferment, i. 505. 



— fleshy, loss of bulk ibruugb \um of wmtar, 



L 216. 



— fossil remains, iL C14. 



— hyphaj in bark, i. IOC. 



— of Lichen community, 1. 244. 



— on ground of woods, L 109. 



— parasitic, alteration of form bjr, IL 618. 

 cause of skin-disea»«-s. i. 168, 



extent of attack, L 164. 



hyphnj of. 1. 165. 



numbers on one host, localized attack, 



ic, L 168. 



— peat, unsuiuble soli for, I. 101 



— plasnioid, fcc<ling of, L 56. 



— rapid doTclo|iiucut of fructiflcalioD, L 117. 



— reason of abunJanoe in woods, L 2S3. 



— respiratory heat, L 497. 



— saprophytic l. 99. 



— spoclflo scents, li. 488. 



— variety of apix-arance, L 110. 

 FungusMii-s. I. 604. 

 Fungus-galls, li. b'Z\- 



Fungus mclltcnsis. aixUhooaric*" oam* (or 

 Cynomorium coc^incuui. L 198 



Fungus -myct-huiu, lmv«.>rt»uo« to roott of 

 plants, I. 250. 



Funiculus, of uTule, L 644 : IL 81. 



I 



