952 



Gnaphalium Leontopodium, hairiness and 

 habitat, i. 316. 



hairs, i. 321. 



Gnaphaliunj luteo-album, gall of Eatyloma 



Aschersonii, &c., ii. 521. 

 Gnaphalium tomeutosum, hairs, ii. 330, 321. 

 Gnetacese, description, ii. 726. 



— embryo development, ii. 437. 



— Endlicher's grouping, ii. 604. 



— seed-coats of, ii. 441. 



Godetia, visoiu of pollen -grains, ii. 101. 

 Gcebel, classification of Thallophytes, ii. 606. 

 Goethe, i. 6. 



— attitude towards Linuean system, ii. 287. 



— his typical plant, i. 12. 



— on seed-dispersal, ii. 833. 



— treatise on metamorphosis, i. 10. 

 Gold Ferns. See Gymnogramme. 

 Gold of Pleasure. See Camelina sativa. 

 Golden Rod, i. 740 ; ii. 296, 321. 

 Golden Saxifrage. See Chriisosplenium. 

 Gomontia polyrhiza, life-cycle, ii. 651. 

 Gomphonema capitatum, ii. 626. 



— colonies, i. 585. 



Gonatonema, aplanospore formation, ii. 658. 

 Goneoclinic hybrids, ii. 559, 587. 

 Gongora galatea, twisting of ovary, ii. 224. 

 Gonidia, of Lichens, ii. 692. 

 Goniolimon, absorptive organs, i. 234. 

 Gonium, structure, &c., ii. 631. 

 Goodeniacea, ii. 767. 



Goodyera repens, habitat and foliage, i. 110. 

 Gooseberry. See Ribes Grossularia. 

 Gorteria ringens, colour-contrast iu flower, 



ii. 190. 

 Gossypium Barbadense, hairy seeds, ii. 855. 

 Gossypium herbaceum, fruit and seeds, ii. 



423. 

 Gourd. See Gucurhita Pepo. 

 Graft, relation to stock, ii. 571. 

 Graft-hybrids, ii. 569, 572. 

 Grafting, i. 213, 214. 

 Grafting, perpetuation of hybrids by, ii. 556 



— resemblance to parasitism in Loraathacese, 



i. 213. 

 Gramineae, ii. 719. 



— attacked by Smut-fungi, ii. 674. 



— brood-bodies, ii. 29. 



— caryopsis, ii. 746. 



— cleistogamy in, ii. 392. 



— course of pollen-tubes, ii. 408. 



— dehiscence of pollen-sacs, ii. 93. 



— descriptive details, ii. 745, 746. 



— dichogamy, ii. 140, 312. 



— elevation and coloration, ii. 511. 



— embryo of, ii. 422. 



— from chalk, ii. 613. 



— germination, i. 604. 



— glumes, ii. 434. 



— hybrids among, ii. 583. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



— poUination, ii. 133, 140, 141. 



— substratum, ii. 498. 



— venation, i. 634. 



Grammatocarpus volubilis, nutation, i. 683. 

 Grammatophora serpentina, ii. 626. 

 Grammitides, tribe of Polypodiaces, u. 706. 

 Grammoptera, and Listera, ii. 256. 

 "Grandes espdces", ii. 581. 



Granite, i. 83. 



Granulose, formation, i. 459, 460. 



Grapes, and Peronospora viticolo, ii. 670. 



Grape-sugar, decomposition by yeast, i. 506. 



Graphite, origin of, ii. 610. 



Grasses. See also Graminece 



— anthocyanin and elevation, i. 522. 



— aqueous mantle of assimilating tissue, i. 



369. 



— localization of wax, i. 292. 



— Mediterranean, hairiness of, i. 318. 



— perennial, time of appearance in dry 



regions, i. 318. 



— periodic folding of leaves, i. 339. 



— reed-like, adaptation to wind. i. 427. 



— silicic acid in, i. 67. 



— stomata on leaves, i. 280. 



— trabecxUse in green cells, i. 374. 



Grass-leaves, folding of, i. 341, 342, 343. 

 Grass-tree, Australian. See XatUhorrhea 



liastilis. 

 Grass Wrack. See Zostera. 

 Gravitation, force to be overcome in ascent 



of crude sap, i. 269. 

 Grayness, of shore vegetation, i. 390. 

 Grazing animals and young trees, i. 445. 

 Greek flora, general grayness of, i. 317. 

 Green, intensity of, and illumination, i. 381. 



— AlgEB. See Chlorophi/cece. 



zone in sea, i. 390. 



Greenland, winter temperatures, i. 547. 

 Green Laver. See Ulva latissima. 

 Green-rot, of trees, i. 263. 



Green tissue, production of, i. 426. 



— tissues, behaviour towards hght, i. 383, 



384. 

 Gregoria, heterostyly, ii. 302. 

 Grevillea, vertical leaf-blades, i. 336. 

 Grew, Nehemiah, figures of plant anatomy, 

 i. 22. 



on crumpled aestivation, ii. 210. 



Grimmia, hybrids in, ii. 583. 



— renders limestone friable, i. 258. 



— vegetative propagation, ii. 458. 

 Grimmia apocarpa, absorption of carbonic 



acid, i. 62. 

 Grimmia Hartmanni, parthenogenesis,ii. 464. 

 Grimmiie, collection of dust, i. 266. 



— nutrition, i. 81. 



— special absorptive ceUs of, i. 218. 



— spore-dispersal, ii. 814. 



Grindelia squarrosa, varnish-like covering, 



i. 313. 

 GromweU. See Lithospermum. 

 Grooves ou stem, and rain-water, i. 95. 

 Ground Ivy. See Glechoma hederacea. 

 Groundsel. See Senecio vulgaris. 

 Ground water, inefficiency, &c., ii. 501. 

 Growth and heat, i. 512, 518, 557. 



— and light, i. 518. 



— and periodic movements, ii. 220. 



— and snow-pressure, i. 523. 



— dependence on water, i. 510. 



— geometrically considered, i. 405. 



— hypothetical mechanism, i. 512. 



— influence of elevation on, ii. 407, 508, 509, 



523. 



— nature of, i. 55. 



— period of, in wettest season in certain 



localities, i. 306. 

 Grubbiacese, ii. 754. 

 Gschnitzthal (Tyrol), i. 65. 



— changes in flora of, ii. 910. 



— Kerner's experimental garden, ii. 453. 



— mechanical force of roots, i. 514. 

 Guard-ceUs of stoma, i. 280. 



function and structure, i. 308. 



Guelder-rose. See Viburnum Opulus. 

 Guepinia, appearance of, i. 112. 



— shrivelling through loss of water, i. 216. 

 Guests of plants, bidden and unbidden, ii. 221. 

 Gulf Stream, blueness, i. 389. 

 Gulf-weed. See Sargassum bacci/erum. 

 Gum-arabic, source, i. 458. 



Gum-resin, water retention, i. 330. 

 Gum-tragacanth, source, i. 458. 

 Guttiferie of Braun, ii. 605. 

 Gymnadenia, u. 737. 



— and Noctuie, ii. 256. 



— hybrids, ii. 563, 583. 



— pollen deposition and retention, ii. 284. 



— spur and honey, ii. 255. 

 Gymnadenia Conopsea, and Nigritella nigra, 



colour of flowers and hybrid, ii. 567. 



capsules in dry and wet weather, ii. 448. 



scent, ii. 201, 203. 



seed, ii. 451. 



Gymnoascus uncinatus, habitat, i. 118. 

 Gymnocladus, i. 488. 



— bud-scales, i. 626. 



Gymnocladus canadensis, leaf, diurnal posi- 

 tions, i. 534. 



reserve-buds, ii. 32. 



separation-layers, i. 360. 



Gymnogramme, sorus, ii. 706. 



Gymnospermse, absence of fossil connecting 

 links with Phanerogams, ii. 613. 



— classes, ii. 718. 



— development of embryo, ii. 437. 



— distinctive features, ii. 719. 



— fertilization, ii. 418. 



— fruits, ii. 437. 



— homology of embryo-sac and contents to 



germinated macrospore, ii. 478. 



— of EncUicher, &c., ii. 604. 



— pollination, ii. 419. 



— protection of ovule, ii. 72. 

 Gymnosporangium, teleutospores, &c., ii. 687. 

 Gymnosporangium clavariaiforme, &c., ii. 519, 



521. 

 Gymnosporangium juniperinum.heteroecism, 



ii. 086. 

 Gymnostoraum, absence of peristome, ii. 703. 

 Gymnostomum curvirostre, lime incnated, 



i. 260. 

 Gynandne, floral characters, ii. 736. 

 Gynerium argenteum, pollination, ii. 142 

 Gypsophila, autogamy, ii. 345. 



— nectaries, ii. 176. 



Gypsophila paniculata, inflorescence, i. 738. 

 GypsophUa repens, anthocyanin, i. 522. 



elevation and coloration, ii. 511. 



Gypsum, good for clover, i. 74. 



— in ceU, i. 72. 



— on leaves, i. 236. 



Gyrocarpus Asiaticus, seed-dispersal, ii. 853. 

 Gyrogonites, fossil characeous fruits, ii. 661. 

 Gyrophoras, absorption of water, i. 218. 



H. 



Haastia, distribution and appearance, ii. 188. 

 Habenaria, ii. 737. 



— pollen deposition and retention, ii. 284. 



— specific dififerences and insect visits, iL 



256. 



— spur and honey, ii. 255. 



Habenaria bifolia, flower and pollination, 

 ii. 225, 227. 



nocturnal perfume, ii. 208. 



pollinia, ii. 256. 



scent, ii. 201, 204. 



Habenaria chlorantha, rostellum, ii. 255. 

 Habenaria Hookeri, specific distinction from 



H. montana, u. 256. 

 Habenaria montana, pollinia, ii. 256. 



scentless, ii. 204. 



Haberlea, nectary, ii. 175. 



Haberlea rhodopensis, direction of flowers, 



ii. 225. 

 Habitat and greenness, i. 384. 



— and influence on plant form, ii. 497. 



— and permanence of hybrids, ii. 587. 



— and variation, i. 394. 



— influence on anatomy, ii. 511. 



— of epiphytes, i. 222, 325. 



— of tamarisks, fraukenias, &.C., extreme 



aridity of, i. 237. 

 Habitats, sorts of, ii. 879, 883. 

 Hacquetia, behaviour of stamens, i. 740. 



— geitonogamy, details, ii. 323. 



— protogynous, ii. 311. 



Hadena and Habenaria bifolia, ii. 256. 



Hpematochrome, of eye-spot, ii 629. 



HEcmatococcus, reason of name, ii. 631. 



Hjematococcus pluviaUs. See Sphoerella. 



Hairiness of plants, in relation to habit and 

 climate, i. 316. 



Hair-mosses. See Polytrichum. 



Hairs, absence of, in plants with incrusta- 

 tions, i. 313. 



— actinia-like, i. 324. 



-^ air-containing, protective functions, i. 314. 



— articulated, i. 320. 



— branched, i. 323. 



— capitate or glandular, i. 229. 



— cauline of Stellaria media, i. 229. 



— clayey appearance due to, i. 324. 



— covering, i. 321. 



— dry, air-containing, chief means of proteo 



tion from undue evaporation, i. 317. 



