INDEX. 



959 



Lichens, dissemination of spores, i. 246. 



— epiphytic, i. 77. 



formerly treated as para.sites, i. 159. 



— etching of marble pillar Ijy, i. 257. 



— families of, ii. 693. 



— Foliaceous, habit of, i. 244. 



— force of hyphal threads, i. 513. 



— forming rings, ii. 793. 



— Fruticose, characteristics of, i. 245. 



— gelatinous, i. 244; ii. 694. 



— hyphae and Algge, ii. 693. 



— on Loranthus, i. 212. 



— part played by constituent members, 



sensitiveness to environment, &o., i. 247. 



— soredia, ii. 24. 

 dispersal, ii. 816. 



— substratum, ii. 498. 



— symbiotic nature, i. 244 ; ii. 682. 

 Life, cycle of, i. 264. 



— discussion of origin, ii. 597. 



— ever-interesting question of, i. 21. 

 Life-history of a Fern, ii. 476, 708. 



Light, affects geographical distribution, i. 

 394. 



— and anthocyanin, ii. 510. 



— and form of leaves, i. 430. 



— and direction of branching, i. 414. 



— and habit of plants, ii. 504. 



— and opening of flowers, ii. 219. 



— and position of leaves, i. 409. 



— and retardation of growth, ii. 407. 



— and sexual organs of Vaucheria, ii. 644. 



— avoiding tendrils, i. 699. 



— bright, effect on chlorophyll, ii. 511. 



— effect of varying intensity, i. 381. 



— influence on formation of zoospores and 



gametes, ii. 632. 



— transformation into heat, i. 519. 

 Light-waves, length, i. 571. 

 Lignification, of hairs, i. 441. 



— use of, i. 474. 

 Lignin, formation, i. 458. 



Ligulate florets and nocturnal radiation, i. 

 530. 



of Compositse, ii. 114. 



Ligule, function in arundinaceousplants, i. 98. 



— of Grasses, i. 427; ii. 746. 



— of Isoetes, ii. 716, 717. 



— of Selaginella, ii. 715. 



Ligustrum vulgare, dates of flowering, i. 519. 



Witches' Broom galls, ii. 548. 



Lilac. See Syringa vulgaris. 



Lilac scent, ii. 201. 



Liliaceae, dehiscence of pollen-sacs, ii. 93. 



— geitonogaray in, ii. 325. 



— general characters, ii. 730. 



— incompletely protogynous genera, ii. 311. 



— polyembryony in, ii. 468. 

 Lilifloreae, hybrids among, ii. 583. 



— various, ii. 729. 



LiUoidese, distinctive characters, ii. 731. 

 Lilium, pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



— propagation, ii. 556. 



Lilium album, bulb scales, i. 624. 



cross-fertilization, ii. 301. 



duration of flowering, ii. 213. 



Lilium auratum, size of flowers, ii. 185. 

 Lilium bulbiferum, bulbils, ii. 461. 



cross-fertUization, ii. 301. 



heterogamy advantageous, ii. 578. 



unfruitful artificial autogamy, ii. 406. 



Lilium candidum, dates of flowering, i. 519. 



flower-opening constant, i. 559. 



protection of pollen, ii. 119. 



Lilium Carniolicum, nectaries, ii. 176. 

 Lilium Chalcedonicum, nectaries, ii. 176. 

 Lilium croceum, absence of vegetative pro- 

 pagation, ii. 461. 

 Lilium Martagon, bulb scales, i. 624. 



course of pollen-tubes, ii. 408. 



downward pull of roots, i. 767. 



leaf -movements, i. 339. 



nectaries, ii. 176. 



protogynous, ii. 311. 



seed dispersal, ii. 447. 



stigma and germinating pollen-grains, 



ii. 409. 



Lilium Martagon, storaata, i. 339. 



Lilium tigrinum, stamen of green flower, Ii. 



86. 

 Lily-of-the-valley. See Convallaria majali». 

 Lime. See Tilia. 

 Lime, accumulation by snails and hydro- 



pliytes, solution and rei)recipitatlon, 1. 



260. 



— amount formed by Potamogeton luccns, 



admixed mineral substances, i. 261. 

 Lime, bicarbonate, excretion by water- 

 absorbing organs, conversion into mono- 

 carbonate, i. 234. 



— importance of, in nutrition, i. 67. 



Lime incrustation, and preservation of fossil 

 plants, ii. 612. 



in Chara, ii. 6(;0. 



in Codiaceas, ii. 645. 



of Hydrophytes, i. 61. 



restrictive of transpiration, i. 313. 



— oxalate of. i. 42. 



— protective incrustation over absorption- 



cells in Saxifraga Aizoon, &c., i. 234. 



— protective incrustations on leaves, i. 235. 

 Limestone, corrosion by plants, i. 258. 



— humus on, ii. 499. 



— limits of vegetation, vertical, i. 527. 

 Limnanthemum, habit, i. 666. 



— protective isolation by water, ii. 234. 

 Limnobium moUe, habitat, as mud-collector, 



i. 267. 

 Limosellaaquatica,sub-aqueousfertilization, 



ii. 391. 

 Linaria, jestivation, ii. 211. 



— and mode of entrance of insects, ii. 210. 



— axillary buds, ii. 29. 



— cleistogamy, ii. 393. 



— honey concealment, ii. 180. 



— insect platform, ii. 228. 



— results of various crossings, ii. 560. 



— sheltering of pollen, ii. 110. 



— storing of honey, ii. 172. 



— variability of floral colour, ii. 569. 

 Linaria alpina, flower, ii. 180. 



Linaria cymbalaria, fading of flowers, i. 743. 



flowering and seeding, i. 53- 



Linaria genistifolia, ii. 560. 



Linaria littoralis and L. minor, behaviour to 

 own and foreign pollen, ii. 407. 



Linaria Macedonica, capsule in dry and wet 

 weather, ii. 448. 



Linaria pallida, radical buds, ii. 28. 



Linaria striata and Linaria vulgaris, estab- 

 lished hybrid of, ii. 591. 



Linaria stricta, established hybrid, ii. 591. 



Linaria vulgaris, and animals, i. 432. 



— — buds on hypocotyl, ii. 28. 



radical buds, ii. 28. 



Lindley, ii. 663. 



Lindsaya, protection of sporangia, ii. 13. 



Ling. See Calluna vulgaris. 



Linnaea borealis, cross-fertilization in, ii. 301. 



flower, ii. 236. 



scent, ii. 201. 



sticky bracts, ii. 870. 



Linnaeus and hermaphrodite flowers, ii. 300. 



— definition of a species, ii. 486. 



— floral clock, ii. 215. 



— on varieties, in Philosophia Botanica, ii. 



514. 



— (1707-1778), revolutionizes the study of 



botany, i. 5. 



— system of classification, i. 6; ii. 601. 

 Linnean system and Goethe, ii. 287. 



classes 11, 12, 17, 21. ii. 293. 



classes 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, ii. 292. 



: first ten class, ii. 289. 



table of classes, ii. 288. 



Linum, heterostylism, ii. 399. 



— seed cement, i. 615. 



Linum catharticuni, opening and closing, ii. 



220. 

 Linum grandiflorum, withering of oorollo 



and pollination, ii. 286. 

 Linum perenne, opening of flower, ii. 212. 

 Linum tenuifolium, recurrent opening, Ii. 



213. 



Linum uiitatlnrimum, cluatrr-caUiuo. U. M7. 



nona<UpUUJlty, 1. »3. 



Linum TiMoium, durMiun o( OoavriiK. U. 

 213. 



guide* to hnnry, il. 249 



Liquidambkr, ptstlll&(o flower, moaoMta, U 

 293. 



— Btaminate flowi-r. mirtfr-la, ». 293. 

 Li(|uorioo. S '■ 



Liriodendri I 



— protcctiuii 



Liriodtiidr..n ■ • iii.f.jUin*. I. 



352. 



pollvn-eniina, ii. 99. 



protccliro itipulca, I. CM. 



stipules, 1. 351. 



Listcra, insect-riiiiton, ii. 2M. 



— labellum, ii. 254. 



Lislera ovata, allurement of Insect*, U. XH. 

 Lithium in plantA, L 68. 

 Lithophytes, i. 267. 



— absorption of carbonic acid, I. 367. 



— dust^aitchcrs, i. 82. 



— heat resistance, i. 554. 



— rapid water Burremk-r, 1. 555. 



— source of food salts, i. 79. 



— what include, i. 56. 



— whence obtain ammonia, i. 65. 



— whence obtain carbonic add. i. <L 

 Litbospermura, protogynous, iL 311 

 Lithospermum arreniie, autogamy, ii. 331 



protogynous, ii. 310. 



Lithospermum purpurco-oceruleum. stolon*, 



i. 663. 

 Lithothamnes, lime deposition and re*i»- 



tance, i. 425. 

 Lithotbamnia, as marine lime-accumulalof^ 



i. 261. 

 Littorella Iacustri.<s, offshoots, 11. 456. 



resemblance to Isoetes lacustris, ii. 717 



Liverworts. See Hn^ti^"- 



Livia Juncorum, galls on Junctis, ii. 547. 



Lizard Orchis. See Orchis hireina. 



Loasacete, stinging hairs, 1. 441. 



Lobelia Dortnianni, resembhuic« to Isoetc* 



Uicustris, ii. 717. 

 Lobelia splendens, scarlet flower, il. 196. 

 Lobeliacese, ii. 767. 



Lobularia nummuhkria. autogamy, IL 339. 

 Lobularia nummulariicfolia, duwen aod 



young fruits, it 184. 

 Locust.beiin, fruit of Ceralooia Siliqna, U. 



535. 

 Lodicule, of Gramine», U. 746. 

 Lodoicea Sechellarum, fruit, ii. 452, 740. 

 Loew, E., Blmenbiologiscbe Floristik. U. 



399. 

 Loganiaceee, ii. 771. 

 Loiseleuria, geographical distributloD. L 301 



— roUed leaves, i. Vn. 



Loiseleuria. See also Atalta proeumbtnt. 

 Lonicera and Hawk moths, U. 307. 



— and insect visits, ii. 223. 



— cyme, i. 733. 



— nectaries, ii. 177, 178. 



— opening of flower, ii. 212. 



— poUen-grain, ii. 100. 



— twining stem, 1. 681. 



— twisting of intcmodcs, 1. 417. 

 Lonicera alpigcna, flower .o|«uId( coortaoV 



1.559. 



nectary, il. 178 



poUen deposition, Ii. 278. 



Lonicera caprifolium, dextrorse (wiDlnf. I 



685. 



nocturnal perfume, II 308. 



. opening of flower, II. 2IL 



scent, Ii. 201. 



scent and Sphinx ConToJrnll. IL SH 



twining. I. 689. 



Lonirrm ri!ir«w. rxampi* of I 



L..1 -. I- 74«. 



Loi, 1 »rr. II arr 



uoctun.-vl 1- rfvime, II. *«. 



Lonicera fragrsiitissima, r»*err»-bo<l*, IL i 



