INDEX. 



905 



Orchids, depth of tuberous roots, i. 552. 



— embryo detachment, ii. 450. 



— epiphytic, i. 77. 



protective function of water-absorbing 



layers in drought, i. 223. 



roots, clamp-cells, i. 220. 



double function of, i. 220. 



— expulsive apparatus for pollen-transfer, ii. 



269. 



— flour-like coating on lip, ii. 169. 



— good and bad flowering years, ii. 472. 



— great variety, ii. 738. 



— hybrid flower colour, ii. 567. 



— labellum, ii. 253. 



— leaf -bud, emergence from soil, i. CIO. 



— light seeds, ii. 851. 



— mode of adhering to bark, i. 107. 



— nectaries, ii. 176. 



— opening of flowers, ii. 212. 



— origin of nucellus, ii. 84. 



— pollen retention, ii. 283. 



— pollen-sacs, ii. 80. 



— roots, adventitious, i. 751. 

 aerial, i. 753. 



origin, i. 771. 



— saprophytic, on steep rocks, i. 108. 



— structure of flower, ii. 253, 736. 



— sugar crystals, ii. 172. 



— terrestrial, downward pull of roots, i. 767. 

 roots, i. 760. 



— tropical, chlorophj'U in roots, i. 375. 



epiphytic, thick cuticle, i. 309. 



nature of scents, ii. 199. 



— twisting of ovary, ii. 224. 



— venation, i. 634. 



— whose stomata lie in hollow tubercles, i. 



300. 



— withering of perianth and pollination, ii. 



2S6. 

 Orchis, pollen deposition and retention, ii. 

 284. 



— spur of labellum, ii. 255. 



— variability of floral colour, ii. 569. 

 Orchis hircina, scent, ii. 202. 

 Orchis niascula, alluring spur, ii. 171. 

 Orchis pallens, scent, ii. 202. 



Orders, of flowering plants, number of, it 



604. 

 Organic acids, function, i. 463. 



— compounds, multiplicity of, i. 455. 



primary, formation of, i. 455. 



sources of, in water, i. 100. 



— material, synthesis of, i. 378. 



— matter, absorption of, i. 99. 



small amount required by most sapro- 

 phytes, i. 117. 



— remains found in water-receptacles, i. 242. 



— substances in clear springs, i. 101. 

 Organization, complexity, and higher de- 

 velopment, ii. 598. 



Organs, change of function, i. 450. 



— elementary early ideas of, i. 14. 



— for removal of substances, i. 471. 



— reduced, question of utility, i. 747. 



— reproductive, protection from loss of 



heat, i. 529. 



— similarity of fimction and similarity of 



structure, ii. 615. 

 Origanum, distribution of sexes, ii. 298. 

 Orlaya, peripheral flowers, ii. 186. 

 Orlaya grandlflora. hooked fruit, ii. 873. 



inflorescence, ii. 184. 



Omithogalum, colour of flower, ii. 183. 



— epiphyllous buds, ii. 43. 



— nectaries, ii. 175. 



— rolled leaves, i. 348. 



— stomata, position of, i. 348. 

 Omithogalum nutans, ovary and fertiliza- 

 tion, ii. 415. 



staminal stipules, ii. 89. 



Omithogalum umbellatum, leaf-bud, emer- 

 gence from sod, i. 640. 



protection of pol'en, ii. 113. 



protogynous, ii. 311. 



Orobanchacese, ii. 771. 



— embryo, &c., i. 184. 



— establishment on host, i. 184. 



Orobanchacese, features used for classiBca- 

 tion, i. 186. 



— general resemblance to Orchideso, i. 184. 



— geographical distribution, 4c., i. 186. 



— germination, i. 750. 



— pollen-sprinkling apparatus in, ii. 271. 

 Orubanche, embryo, i. 596. 



— former view regarding, i. 185. 

 Ornbanche caryophyllacea, &c., scent, ii. 201. 

 Orobanche Epithymum, germination, i. 173. 

 Orobus, keel movements and pollen bnub, 



ii. 252. 

 Orobus Pannonicus, roots, i. 760. 

 Orobus veuetus, floral change of colour, ii. 



191. 

 Orobus vernus, elevation and coloration, ii. 

 511. 



seed dispersal, ii. 835. 



Orpine. See Sedtan Telephium. 

 Orthostichies, of leaves, i. 397. 



— relation to divergence, i. 403. 

 Orthotrichum, hybrids, ii. 583. 

 Orthotrichum faUax, mode of adhering to 



bark, i. 106. 

 Orthotropous ovule, i. 644. 

 Oryza clandestiua, venation, i. 633. 

 Oscillaria, movement of, i. 39. 

 Oscillaria tenuis, verdigris-coloured films, i. 



105. 

 Oscillarias and heat, i. 554. 

 OscQlatoriese, circular movements, i. 684. 

 Osier Willow. See Salix vimiyialis. 

 Osmia, pollen brush, ii. 168. 

 Osmosis, nature of, i. 59. 

 Osmunda regalis, frond, ii. 476. 



sporangia, ii. 12. 



Osmundaceoe, characteristics, ii. 709. 

 Ostracoda, resemblance of Utricularia 



bladders to, i. 122. 

 Ostrya, cupule, ii. 435. 



— mode of fertilization unknown, ii. 413. 



— venation, i. 631. 



— vernation, i. 350. 



Ostrya carpinifolia, isolated colonies, i. 528. 



wind-dispersal, ii. 848. 



Ousting of plants by other plants, i. 268. 

 Outline of clai^sification, ii. 617. 

 Ouvirandra fenestralis, Madagascar, ii. 738. 

 Ovaries, classification, ii. 75 et seq. 

 Ovaries, Phanerogamic, ii. 73. 

 Ovary and antholysis, ii. 79. 



— discussion of structure, ii. 78 et seq. 



— inferior, nature of, ii. 79. 



— in Orchidacese, ii. 253. 



— nature and modifications, i. 642. 



— of Colocasia antiquorum, ii. 742. 

 Over-transpiration, prevention of in Grasses, 



i. 344. 

 Ovule, a macrosporangium, ii. 478. 



— chalazogamic fertilization in Carpinus, 



ii. 412. 



— homology, ii. 717. 



— morphological considerations, i. 643. 



— morphological value, ii. 84. 



— of Gymnosperms, ii. 418. 



— parts of, i. 044. 



— sorts of, i. 644. 



— structure, ii. 80, 416. 



— transformation into tuber or bud, Ii. 469. 

 Ovules, ii. 83. 



— and nocturnal radiation, i. 529. 



— arrangement on carpels, i. 644. 



— attraction for pollen-tubes, ii. 414. 



— of Cycads, ii. 720. 



Ovuliferous scale, of Abietinete, ii. 721. 



of Pinus sylvestris and other Conifers, 



ii. 441. 



— shoot of Taxus, ii. 442. 

 Oxalate of lime, formation, i. 458. 



OxaUo acid, combination with calcium, i. 67. 



fmiction, i. 458, 463. 



Oxalidacea), cleistoganiy in, ii. 393. 

 Oxalis, {estivation, ii. 210. 



— capsule, ii. 431. 



— drooping of flowers, artificially induced, 



ii. 122. 



— heterostylism, ii. 399. 



OxiUla, opcnint of flower, II JIJ. 



— protection o( pollen, II 127 



Oxalis actt<j»olla, le«f, diuni*! j-..;' t» i 

 534. 



leaf movement*. I. 339 



»ccd and embryo, ii 422 



sced-diiipcrul. ii. 834. 



unfoldini; Icttvrt, i. 349 



Oxalln liuiandni, duralluu of Oortntii. 11 



213. 

 Oxalis rosea, moremenU of cotjrlnloiu, L 



532. 

 Oxalis sensitiT*. leaf, diurnal (HJtillotu, L 

 534. 



movements of cntylrdons, I. 533. 



senaitivvness, i. 535 cl swi. 



Oxalis stricta, weather and aulosamr, 11. 3W. 

 Oxalis Valdiviana, moreuenU of ool) lixluna, 



i. 532. 

 Ox-eye Daisy. Soo Lmeanlhemum vulffart 

 Oxidation, and blue rays, i. 390. 



— by Bacteria, iL 623. 



Oxlip. See Primula flutior, II. 4W. 

 Oxyanthua tubiflonu, depth of flower, it 



180. 

 Oxybaphus, seed, niucila«c organs, i. CIS 

 Oxybaphus nyctaKineus, pollcn-cnuiis. iL 97. 

 Oxycoccacca;, ii. 770. 



Oxycoccus iialuBtris, wax on learr*. L 301. 

 Oxygen, and respiration, 1. »3. 50t 



— elimination of, i. GO. 



— volume exhaled by plant, 1. 4i5. 

 Oxythyrea funesia, and young oaf'"'* "' 



Composites, ii. 243. 



P. 



Pachyma, sclerotia of Agaricineie, il. 089. 

 Pachypappa vcsicalis and mantle gall oo 



Abele, ii. 530. 

 Pachyi)leurum, gcitonogamy, ii. 324. 

 Pachysandra, coloured sLaineri-filitmculs, IL 



183. 



— pollen and pollination, i. 645. 



— scent, ii. 200. 



Padina Pavonia, structure, i. S90L 

 Piederota, nectary, ii. 175. 



— protogynous, iL 311. 



Paederota Ageria, cross-fertilization, ii. 301. 



fertility, dependence on insects, ii. 402. 



pull of roots, L 708. 



Pa.-ouia, anlhocj-anin, L 464. 



— protogjnous, iL 311. 



Pasonia pubcnf, vitality of spcnualopUsm. 



iL96. 

 Palseo-botan; importance of Tcoation. L 



635. 

 Pala-'ontology, bearing on evolution. iL 610. 

 Palax)Zoic vegetable remains, iL 611. 

 Palea, of Gramineic, iL "46. 

 Palisade^ellfl, i. 472. 



movements of chloropbyllfianulca, L 



381. 

 Palisade iiorencbyma, L 139. 



— tissue, consumption of carbonic acid. L 



368. 



of leave*, i. 279. 



varieties, i. 374. 



Pallavicinia, raicular system. U. C». 

 I'almaceas description, Ii. "40. 

 Polmclla, Alga of Emoricelta. iL »5 

 Palmella cruonta. blood rod patci)c«. I I0&. 

 Palmellaceai, il. COG. 

 Palms, climbing. See R'lang. 



— fruit pniU-clion. IL 445. 



— germination. I. 004. 



— leaves of. slrucl uro In relaUon to Iran*- 



piiatlon, I. i:**. 



— p-jlleu grains, IL 99. 



— tiniperature within spatbe. 1 J*n 



— vitality of spcrnistoplasm. U. S*. 

 Palmyra Palm. See lionunt Ati^i/"^**- 

 Pandanooi-aj. Ii. "4i. 



— weaving bobit in. I. CT7. 

 Faudanus, phyllotaxia, L 40. 



— rooU, L 756. 



