966 



Pandanus, stUt-roots, mechanical tissue, i. 



761. 

 Pandanus utilis, i. 758 ; ii. 745. 

 Pandorina, structure, ii. 632. 

 Pandorinese, ii. 606. 

 Pansy. See Viola tricolor. 

 Papaver, capsule, ii. 432. 



— insect platform, ii. 229. 



— uectarless, ii. 167. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



— preservation of stamens in Egyptian 



graves, i. 262. 



— protogyny in, ii. 310. 



Papaver alpinum, protection of pollen, ii. 120. 

 Papaver Rhoeas, effect of dry soil, ii. 500. 

 Papaver somniferum, abode for flies and 

 beetles, ii. 163. 



floral markings, ii. 190. 



possible cause of doubling, ii. 554. 



size of flowers, ii. 185. 



Papaveracese, epiphyllous buds, ii. 43. 



— laticiferous tubes, i. 470. 

 Paphiopedilium (Cypripedium) caudatum, 



size of flowers, ii. 185. 

 PapilionacesB, aestivation of, ii. 210. 



— and insect visits, ii. 210. 



— cleistogamy in, ii. 393. 



— floral structure, ii. 228. 



— genera with explosive flowers, ii. 267. 



— hairiness, i. 318. 



— leaf-tendrils, i. 692. 



— pollen expulsion by piston-apparatiis, ii. 



260. 



— protandrous dichogamy in, ii. 311. 



— storage of pollen, ii. 94. 



— switch-plants in, i. 330. 



— unfruitful artificial autogamy in, ii. 406. 

 Papilla;, protection of stomata from wetting 



by, i. 293. 

 Pappus, nature and function, ii. 434. 



— of achenes, ii. 432. 



— of Senecio viscosus and autogamy, ii. 364. 

 Papyrus, manufacture, ii. 746. 



Papyrus antiquorum, Upper Nile, ii. 746. 

 Paracelsus, Bombastus, Swiss alchemist 



(1493-1541), i. 2. 

 Parachutes, on seeds and fruits, ii. 855. 

 ParaUelodromous venation, i. 634. 

 Parapbyses, of Ascomycetes, ii. 676. 



— of Moss, ii. 15. 



Parasite and host, intimacy of connection 

 between, in Lophophytum, i. 194. 



— application of term and former views con- 



cerning, i. 159. 



— intimate union with host in Orobanoheae, 



i. 184. 

 Parasites, absorption of carbon-dioxide, i. 

 63. 



— distinctive properties of, i. 101. 



— non-green, nutrition, i. 466. 



— on parasitic members of the same family 



or genus, i. 213. 



— sorts of, i. 161. 



— source of carbon, i. 63. 

 Parasitic action, of Bacteria, i. 162. 



— Bacteria, ii. 623. 



— Fungi, and form alteration, ii. 518. 



— Phanerogams, embryo, ii. 421. 



— root, i. 752. 



— thallophytes, formation of brood-bodies, 



ii. 25. 

 Parasitism, diflBculty of determination, i. 243. 



— of Monotropa roots, on fungal hyphse, 



i. 253. 

 Parastichies, and torsion, i. 406. 

 Parenchyma, cortical, i. 469. 



— spongy, functions, i. 473. 



of leaves, i. 279. 



Parietales, ii. 774. 



Parietaria, cross-fertilization, ii. 306. 



— distribution of sexes, ii. 298. 



— ejection of pollen, ii. 137. 



Parietaria officinalis, protogynous flowers, ii. 



307. 

 Paris quadrifolia, autogamy, ii. 341. 



stamen, ii. 87. 



Parkia, pollen-chambers, ii. 90. 



Parmelia saxatilis, a Foliaceous Lichen, i. 



245. 

 Parnassia, nectaries, ii. 178. 

 Pamassia palustris, cross-fertilization, ii. 

 307. 



duration of flowering, ii. 213. 



flower, ii. 249. 



iUuraination and growth, ii. 508. 



movements of stamens, ii. 251. 



scent during day, ii. 209. 



structure of underground stem, i. 736. 



venation, i. 633. 



Paronychia Kapella, seed-dispersal, ii. 854. 

 Parsley Fern. See Allosorus crispus. 

 Parthenogenesis, a special case of offshoot 



formation, ii. 468. 



— discussion of true nature in Phanerogams, 



ii. 467. 



— in JIucorini, ii. 673. 



— in Saprolegniaceoe, ii. 671. 



— nature of, ii. 44. 

 Parthenogonidia, of Volvos, ii. 634. 

 Partners, of Lichen communities, i. 244. 

 Pasque Flower. See Pulsatilla. 

 Passiflora cirrhiflora, tendrils, i. 694. 

 Passiflora gracilis, tendrU, i. 697. 

 Passiflora Kermesina, pollen-grain, ii. 100. 

 Passiflorales, ii. 785. 



Path-finders, name applied to floral mark- 

 ings, ii. 190. 



of flowers, ii. 232. 



Paulliuia, tendrils, i. 694. 



Paulownia, scent, ii. 202. 



Paulownia imperialis, inflorescence, i. 746. 



Pavia, flowers, sexual conditions, ii. 296. 



Pea. See Pisum. 



Pear-trees, deciduous protective hairs, i. 354. 



Peat, unfavourable for Fungi, i. 102. 



Peat-moors,characteristicvegetation,ancient 



and modern, ii. 612. 

 Pedaliuni niurex, spinnse fruit, ii. 875. 

 Pedate venation, i. 633. 

 Pediastrum, life-history, ii. 639. 

 Pediastrum granulatum, ii. 640. 



thallidia, ii. 24. 



Pedicularis, effect on host, &c., i. 179. 



— heterogamy, ii. 377. 



— hybrid flower colour, ii. 567. 



— hybrids, ii. 585. 



— nectary, ii. 174. 



— roots of parasitic species, i. 760. 

 Pedicularis incarnata, anthocyanin, i. K2. 

 autogamy, ii. 375. 



Pedicularis recutita, anthocyanin, i. 522. 



pollen-sprinkling apparatus, ii. 272. 



Pedicularis rostrata, pollen-sprinkling, ii. 272. 

 Pelargonium, radical buds, ii. 28. 



— thick cuticle of capitate cells, i. 230. 

 Pelargonium atrum, crepuscular perfume, ii. 



208. 



periodic perfume, ii. 242. 



scent, ii, 201. 



Pelargonium heterogamum, leaves and rain 



conduction, i. 95. 

 Pelargonium triste, and night visitors, ii. 



197. 



crepuscular perfume, ii. 208. 



Peltaria alliacea, anthocyanin, i. 520. 



Peltate leaf, venation, i. 632. 



Peltigera canina, Foliose Lichen, ii. 694. 



Pelvetia, ii. 664. 



Pemphigus bursarius, galls on Poplar petioles, 



ii. 534. 

 Pemphigus cornicularius, gall on Pistachia, 



ii. 534. 

 Pendent flowers and insect visitors, ii. 222. 

 Pendulous flowers and loss of heat, i. 529. 

 PeuiciUium, fermentative action, i. 508. 



— spore-dispersal, ii. 812. 



PeniciUium glaucum, spores and heat, i. 554. 



PenicUlus, thallus, ii. 645. 



Penium, chlorophyll bodies, cf. i. 139, 373. 



Penium Brebissonii, ii. 492. 



Pennywort. See Injsimachia Nummularia. 



Penstemon, absorptive cells on root, i. 87. 



— cross-fertUization, ii. 304. 



— pollen deposition, ii. 278. 



Penstemon, protandrous, ii. 311. 

 Peperomia, buds on leaf-cuttings, ii. 43. 

 Peperomia arifolia, situation of stomata, L 



,676. 



Peppermint-tree. See Eucalyptus amygdaX- 



ina. 

 Pepsin, action, i. 465. 



— in Diousea digestive secretion, i. 150. 



— secreted by Drosera glands, i. 144. 



— solvent of legumin, i. 458. 



Percussive apparatus, poUen distribution, it 



260. 

 Perennials, foliage-stems, i. 650. 



— light and growth, ii. 508. 



— procumbent, i. 661. 



— steppe and desert, heat resistance, i. 556. 

 Perfoliate, leaf, i. 595. 



Perianth, as insect platform, ii. 225. 



— functions, ii. 719. 

 Perianth-leaves, arrangement, i. 641. 

 Periblem, leaf origin, i. 649. 

 Pericarp, and dispersal, ii. 430. 



— changes in ripening, i. 462. 

 Perichajtium of Mosses, ii. 65. 

 Periderm, i. 469. 



— buffer action, i. 474. 



— characteristics, i. 719. 

 Peridermium pini, ii. 686. 



nutrition of, i. 167. 



Peridineas, description, ii. 625. 

 Peridium, of Gasteromycetes, ii. 689. 

 Ferine, of pollen-grain, ii. 100. 

 Periodic movements and growth, ii. 220. 

 Perisperm, nature of, ii. 422. 

 Perisporiacese, distinctive character, 

 Peristome, of Moss capsule, ii. 702. 



— of Moss sporogonium, ii. 15. 



— of Splachnum, ii. 703. 

 Perithecia, of Claviceps, ii. 680. 



— of Cordyceps, ii. 679. 



— of Pyrenomycetes, ii. 678. 

 Peronospora parasitica, and Capsella Bursa- 



pastoris, ii. 525. 



and Crncifene, ii. 670. 



Peronospora violaceaandstamens of Knautia 



arvensis, ii. 524. 

 Peronospora viticola, ii. 57, 670. 

 Peronosporeie, ii. 606. 



— life-history, ii. 56, 669. 



— spore-formation, ii. 22. 



Persian steppes, spinose shrubs, i. 435. 

 Persica vulgaris, cotyledons, i. 608. 

 Perspiring, of plants, i. 273. 

 Petals and autogamy, ii. 365. 



— and nocturnal radiation, i. 530. 



— chlorophyll in, i. 376. 



— origin, ii. 86. 



— withering after pollination, ii. 286. 

 Petasites, flowering and flowerless sho >ts, i. 



652. 



— imperfect flowers, ii. 295. 

 Petioles, twisting of, i. 417. 



"Petites especes", replace one anotlier, ii. 



884. 

 " Petit grain ", from Orange leaves, i. 461. 

 Petiveria, unequal cotyledons, i. 622. 

 Petroselinum sativum, schizocarp, ii. 427. 

 Petunia, propagation of hybrids, ii. 556. 



— scent, ii. 202. 



Petunia violacea, nocturnal perfume, ii. 203. 

 Peziza, spore-dispersal, ii. 825. 

 Peziza seruginosa, cause of green-rot in trees, 

 i. 263. 



habitat, &c., ii. 682. 



Peziza scutellata, ii. 682. 



Peziza vesiculosa, ii. 19, 683. 



Peziza Willkommii, effect on host, i. 168. 



on Larix Europsea, ii. 522. 



Phaca, explosive flowers, ii. 267. 

 Phsenology and climatology, i. 565. 

 Ph^ophyceie, characteristics, ii. 661. 



— group of Thallophyta, ii. 620. 

 Phahnenopsis grandiflora, duration of flower- 

 ing, ii. 214. 



Phalajnopsis Schilleriana, adherent roots, i. 

 107 



