982 



Villarsia nymphoides, anthocj-anin, i. 521. 



leaf and transpiration, i. 288. 



Vinca, ffistivation, ii. 210. 



— stolons, i. 663. 



Vinca herbacea, flower, ii. 240. 



honey protection, ii. 211. 



stigma, ii. 240. 



style, ii. 240. 



Vinca major, and Puccinia Vincae, ii. 525. 



vitality of spermatoplasm, ii. 96. 



Vinca minor, and Puccinia Vincce, ii. .525. 



flower colour and surroundings, ii. 194. 



Vine. See Vitis. 



Vine-mildew, False. See Peronospora viti- 

 cola. 



True. See Erysiphe Tuckeri. 



Vine-pruning, varies with locality, ii. 37. 

 Viola, capsule, ii. 431. 



— flower, day and night positions, i. 531. 



— hybrids, ii. 584. 



— nectary, ii. 178. 



— pollen-sprinkling, ii. 276. 



— propagation of hybrids, ii. 556. 



— protection of pollen from wet, ii. 110. 



— rhizome and light, i. 484. 



— venation, i. 633. 



Viola arvensis, autogamy, ii. 387. 



cleistogamy, ii. 394. 



light and growth, ii. 508. 



Viola calcarata, colour and locality, ii. 194. 



Viola collina, cleistogamy, ii. 393. 



Viola cucuUata, elevation and coloration, 



ii. 511. 

 Viola elatior, seed-dispersal, ii. 835. 

 Viola mirabllis, cleistogamy, ii. 393. 



scent, ii. 201. 



Viola odorata, flower and parts, ii. 279. 



ovary, ii. 73. 



scent, ii. 200. 



stamens, ii. 87. 



Viola polychroma, scent, ii. 201, 204. 



Viola sepincola, cleistogamous and other 



flowers, ii. 395. 

 Viola tricolor, autogamous hybrids, ii. 579. 



autogamy, ii. 387. 



colour-contrast in flower, ii. 190. 



periodically pendulous flowers, i. 530. 



pollen-grains, ii. 97, 98. 



scentless, ii. 204. 



seed and embryo, ii. 425. 



stipules, i. 637. 



vitality of spermatoplasm, ii. 96. 



Violet. See Viola. 



Violet-stone. See Trentepohlia lolithus. 



Violet Willow. See Salix daphnoides. 



Viper's Bugloss. See Echium. 



Virginian Creeper. See Amjjelopsis heder- 



ucea. 

 Viridiflorje, ii. 758. 

 Viscaceae. ii. 754. 

 Viscin, of pollen-grains, ii. 101. 

 Viscum, green cotyledons, i. 622. 



— watery pulp of berries, i. 329. 



Viscum album, attachment to host, sinkers, 



i. 209. 



berry, i. 427. 



best known and widely distributed 



member of Loranthacese, i. 204. 



branching, i. 749. 



cuticle of leaf, i. 310. 



effect of removing parent plant on 



adventitious buds, i. 210. 



evergreen, i. 212. 



pari passu growth of root and stem, i. 



209. 



pollen grains, ii. 99. 



radicle, mode of attachment, i. 207. 



stamen, ii. 87. 



Viscum raoniliforme, parasitic on V. orien- 



tale, India, i. 213. 

 Viscum Oxycedri, i. 210. 

 Vital force, i. 52, 509. 



and respiration, i. 497. 



Vitality, of protoplasm, i. 51. 



— of seeds, i. 51. 



Vitex Agnus-castus, reserve-buds. ii. 32. 

 Vitis, i. 488. 



Vitis, anthocyanin, i. 484. 



— hybridization in, ii. 570. 



— mite-galls, ii. 529. 



— opening of flower, ii. 211. 



— used for experimental determination of 



root-pressure, i. 272. 



Vitis cordata, distribution of sexes, ii. 300. 



Vitis inconstans, tendrils, i. 699. 



Vitis inserta, tendrils, i. 699. 



Vitis macrocirrha, distribution of sexes, ii. 

 298. 



Vitis Royleana, adhesive discs, i. 699. 



Vitis sylvestris, distribution of sexes, ii. 298. 



Vitis vinifera, bark, i. 720. 



berry, ii. 427. 



flower-opening constant, i. 559. 



imperfect flowers, ii. 294. 



scent,^ii. 207, 209. 



separation-layers, i. 360. 



Vittaria, protection of sporangia, ii. 13. 



Viviparous, botanical use of term, ii. 454. 



Vijchting, grafting experiments with Helian- 

 thus, ii. 572. 



Vochysia, seed, ii. 423. 



Volva, of Agaricineaj, ii. 689. 



Volvocineffi, movement of, i. 37. 



Volvox aureus, life-history, i. 635. 



Volvox globator, structure, ii. 634. 



known to Leeuwenhoeok, i. 37. 



Vordere Kaiser, limestone chain, character- 

 istic vegetation, ii. 495. 



Waldsteinia geoides, autogamy, ii. 381. 



winter protection, i. 550. 



Wall, of wood-cells and vessels, nature, i. 277. 



Wall-Pellitory. See Parietaria. 



Wall-rue Spleenwort. See Asplenium Ruta- 



Walls, partition, probable significance in 



conducting cells, i. 482. 

 Warming, classification of Thallophytes, ii. 



606. 

 Wasp of Chalcididae, and Ficus, ii. 159. 

 Wasps, and brown flowers, ii. 197. 

 Water, absorption and exhalation, general 



considerations, i. 226. 



— absorption by aerial organs, i. 156. 



— agent in seed-dispersal, ii. 844. 



— agent in weathering, i. 83. 



— alternating absorption and expulsion by 



epidermal cells, i. 370. 



— and " burning" of plants, i. 554. 



— and carbonic acid, joint effect, ii. 499. 



— and freezing of plants, i. 545. 



— and growth, i. 510. 



— atmospheric, gases in, i. 368. 



— centrifugal transmission of, i. 94. 



— centripetal transmission of, i. 94. 



— circulation of, i. 83. 



— colour of, i. 388. 



— conditions of plant life in, i. 665. 



— conduction, i. 366. 



— condiiction and absorption by hairs of 



Stellaria media, i. 228. 



— conveyance, i. 513. 



— depth, and chlorophyll, i. 387. 



— excretion in freezing of plants and salt 



solutions, 1. 541. 



— extrusion of, through root-pressure, i. 271. 



— ferment action, i. 465. 



— formation during putrefaction, i. 263. 



— importance to plant as dynamic agent, 



i. 216. 



— loss of constituents through plants not 



directly observable, i. 258. 



— minimum quantity in seeds, importance 



of, regulation of supply, &c., i. 217. 



— obtained from tree - bark by epiphytic 



orchids, i. 222. 



— of imbibition, proportion to dry substance, 



i. 217. 



— on plants, a protection, i. 432. 



— path and mode of ascent, ii. 277. 



Water, periodic surrender and resistance to 

 heat, i. 555. 



— proportion to bulk of plant, i. 216. 



— rapidly-flowing, effect on plants, ii. 502. 



— removal, i. 216. 



— rSle in turgidity, i. 511. 



— stilland running, relating to nutrition, i.78. 



— supply of, i. 82. 

 Water-absorbing apparatus, localization of, 



in Populus treniula, &o., i. 238. 



special, structures of foliage-leaves, 



i. 227, 231, 233. 

 Water-absorption, by aerial organs in moist 



habitats, probable explanation, i. 241. 



by aerial roots, i. 225. 



by leaves not protected against wetting, 



experimental evidence, i. 230. 



by seed, ii. 425. 



by special leaf-teeth in tall herbs, i. 238. 



ui hydrophytes, lithophytes, epiphytes, 



and land-plants, i. 217. 



in Lichens, Mosses, Liverworts, i. 218. 



Water-birds disperse fruits, ii. 867. 



list of plants dispersed by, ii. 868. 



Water-chestnut. See Trapa. 

 Water-crowfoots. See Ranunculus. 

 Water-hemlock. See Cieuta virosa. 

 Watering, object and result of, i. 225. 

 Water-lilies. See also Nijmphcea, Nuphar, 



Victoi-ia. 



epiphyllous buds, ii. 43. 



habit, i. 666. 



pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



shadows of leaves, cause of, i. 2S9. 



stamens and perianth-leaves, i. 646. 



venation, i. 632. 



Water-lily, amphibious adaptation, i. 425. 

 Water Milfoil. See MyriophjiUum. 

 Water-net. See Hydrodictyon. 11 



Water Parsnip. See Slum. 11 



Water-plantain. See Alisrna. H 



Water plants, absorption of carbonic acid, i. | 



61. f 

 and land plants, nutrition compared, i. 



78. 



and offshoots, ii. 456. 



and temperature, ii. 503. 



food-absorption, i. 75. 



groups, i. 666. i 



importance as mud-collectors, i. 266. 



lime incrustation, i. 61. 



pollination, ii. 130. 



rarely attacked by parasitic Fungi, i. 



seed-bearing, mode of attachment, i. 77. 



whence obtain ammonia, i. 65. 



Water-pore and honey secretion, ii. 172. 



Water-pores, i. 366. 



Water-receptacles, i. 239. 



organic remains, &c., found in liquid of, 



i. 242. 

 Water-retaining substances, i. 329. 

 Water-soldier. See Slratiotes aloides. 

 Water-star. See Callitriche. 

 Water-starwort. See Callitriche. 

 Water vapour, condensation by Orchid roots, 



i. 223. 

 exhalation of, practically restricted to j 



spongy parenchyma, i. 285. i 



maintenance of free passage for, i. 290. | 



Water-violet. See Hottonia. [ 



Waterwort. See Elative. 

 Wax, coating of, as protection of stoniata 

 from being wetted, examples, i. 291. 



— in grafting, i. 214. 



— in Langsdorffias, i. 188. 



— protective coating on leaves, i. 292. 

 Wax-like coating on leaves, use of, i. 226. 

 excretions, protection from excessive 



evaporation, experimental proof, i. 312. 

 Waxy coatings of flowering axes, ii. 237. 

 Weapons, of plants, i. 432, 439, 449. 

 Weather and heterogamy, ii. 390. 



— seed protection against, ii. 447. 

 Weaving stem, mechanical tissue, i. 732. 



— undershrubs, i. 673. 

 Webera nutans, habitat, i. 109. 



