124 INTRODUCTION. 



1. Equus Avertarius^ or Sagmariiis. The bat or 

 sumpter horse. 



2. Eq. Puhlicus. Horses maintained by govern- 

 ment for the Equites. 



3. Eq. Sellarius^ or Celes ; xsXrig. Saddle-horse. 



4. Eq. Agminales. Horses maintained for public 

 purposes, on cross-roads, where there were no posts. 



5. Eq. Cur sales, or Veredi. Post-horses. 



6. Eq. Desultorily or Par-es. Horses of mounte- 

 banks. 



7- Eq. Funales ; 1 and 4 of a quadriga., 2 and 3 

 h^mgjugales, ^v^oi. 



8. Eq. Lignei ! Wooden horses, for youth to 

 learn riding. 



9. Eq. Singulares. Horses of volunteers. 



10. Eq. Triumjjhales. The four or six horses 

 that drew triumphal cars. 



Nations, whose ideas are thus undefined on the 

 subject of horses, we may rest assured are never 

 really equestrian. In the above series we find, how- 

 ever, that where the machinery of dominion was 

 concerned, the Romans, as in war, could also bor- 

 row from their enemies systems of administra- 

 tion ; such as regular post stations to convey public 

 officers and orders ; imitated by Augustus from the 

 Persian A.straiidi, or Astandi ; w^here there are still 

 expresses called Chuppers, as in Turkey, Tartars, 

 always distinguished by their yellow caps. The 

 Romans had, for the same purpose, horses selected 

 for their swiftness, and thence called Pegasidae, sta- 

 tioned at the mutationes of their cursus puhlicus or 



