Chap. II. INDIAN LANGUAGES. 77 



interior lands of Brazil. They were settled in villages, 

 and addicted to agriculture. They navigated the rivers in 

 large canoes, called ubas, made of immense hollowed-out 

 tree trunks ; in these they used to go on war expeditions, 

 canying in the prows their trophies and calabash rattles, 

 whose clatter was meant to intimidate their enemies. 

 They were gentle in disposition, and received the early 

 Portuguese settlers with great friendliness. The inland 

 savages, on the other hand, led a wandering life, as they 

 do at the present time, only coming down occasionally 

 to rob the plantations of the coast tribes, who always 

 entertained the gi'eatest enmity towards them. 



The original Indian tribes of the district are now 

 either civilised, or have amalgamated with the white 

 and negTo immigrants. Their distinguishing tribal 

 names have long been forgotten, and the race bears now 

 the general appellation of Tapuyo, which seems to have 

 been one of the names of the ancient Tupinambas. The 

 Indians of the interior, still remaining in the savage 

 state, are called by the Brazilians Indios, or Gentios 

 (Heathens). All the semi-civilised Tapuyos of the vil- 

 lages, and in fact the inhabitants of retired places 

 generally, speak the Lingoa geral, a language adapted 

 by the Jesuit missionaries from the original idiom of the 

 Tupinambas. The language of the Guaranis, a nation 

 living on the banks of the Paraguay, is a dialect of it, 

 and hence it is called by philologists the Tupi-Guarani 

 language ; printed gTammars of it are always on sale at the 

 shops of the Para booksellers. The fact of one language 

 having been spoken over so wide an extent of country as 

 that from the Amazons to Paraguay, is quite an isolated 



