CiiAr. V. CARNAPUO. 169 



beaches, describes a gentle curve inwards. The broad 

 reach of the Para in front of this coast is called the Bahia, 

 or bay of Marajo. The coast and the interior of the land 

 are peopled by civilised Indians and Mamelucos, with a 

 mixture of free negroes and mulattos. They are poor, 

 for the waters are not abundant in fish, and they are 

 dependent for a livelihood solely on their small planta- 

 tions, and the scanty supply of game found in the 

 woods. • The district was originally peopled by various 

 tribes of Indians, of whom the principal were the Tu- 

 pinambas and Nhengahibas. Like all the coast tribes, 

 whether inhabiting the banks of the Amazons or the 

 sea-shore between Para and Bahia, they were far more 

 advanced in civilisation than the hordes scattered 

 through the interior of the country, some of which 

 still remain in the wild state, between the Amazons 

 and the Plata. There are three villages on the coast of 

 Carnapijo, and several planters' houses, formerly the 

 centres of flourishing estates, which have now relapsed 

 into forest in consequence of the scarcity of labour and 

 diminished enterprise. One of the largest of these 

 establishments is called Caripi : at the time of which 

 I am speaking it belonged to a Scotch gentleman, Mr. 

 Campbell, who had married the daughter of a large 

 Brazilian proprietor. Most of the occasional English 

 and American visitors to Para had made some stay at 

 Caripi, and it had obtained quite a reputation for the 

 number and beauty of the birds and insects found 

 there ; I therefore applied for and obtained permission 

 to spend two or three months at the place. The dis- 

 tance from Para was about 23 miles, round by the 



