Chap. Y. DISTRIBUTION OF MONKEYS. 327 



Insectivora, and the Bats. All the typical Lemurs, which 

 constitute the great majority of the family, inhabit 

 exclusively the Island of Madagascar. 



The Pithecidse are divisible into three groups, which 

 again are much more distinct from each other than the 

 subordinate groups of Cebidae. These are the Anthro- 

 poid section, to which some zoologists consider man 

 himself belongs, comprising the Gorilla, the Chimpan- 

 zee, the Orangs and the Gibbons ; the Guenons (which, 

 in their forms, tempers, and habits, resemble the Cebidse), 

 and lastly, the Baboons, whose extreme forms — the dog- 

 faced species, with nose extending to the tip of the 

 muzzle — seem like a degradation of the monkey type. 

 There is nothing at all resembling the Anthropoid apes 

 and the Baboons existing on the American continent. 

 The Guenons, too, have only a superficial resemblance 

 to American monkeys ; for they have all thirty-two 

 teeth, nostrils opening in a downward direction (instead 

 of on the sides, like the Cebidae and Marmosets), and 

 are, moreover, linked to the Baboons through interme- 

 diate forms (Macacus), and the possession of callosities 

 on the breech, and other signs of blood-relationship. 



A few more words on the peculiar way in which these 

 groups of monkeys are distributed over the earth's sur- 

 face. We may consider, in connection with this subject, 

 the great land masses of the warmer parts of the 

 earth to be four in number. 1. Australia, with New 

 Guinea and its neighbouring islands : 2. Madagascar : 

 3. America : 4. The Continental mass of the Old World, 

 comprising Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Islands of the 

 Malay Archipelago, which latter are connected with 



