DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS FOR 1931 85 



Generally away from the streams the timber is smaller, ranging about four 

 to six inches. However, except in a comparatively few areas of light spruce, 

 muskegs as shown on plan, the township lines cut pass through dense spruce 

 bush to six inches of good average size and of good commercial value. 



The timber appears to be more consistently heavier in quantity and size 

 in the Township of Lewers and Ganong on account of the higher and drier nature 

 of the country. 



All the rivers mentioned would supply excellent logging facilities. 



Water Power and Rivers 



The rivers crossed in the course of the survey were the Onakawan% River, 

 Abitibi River and Little Abitibi River, Bad River and Little Cedar Creek. 

 The Onakawana, Abitibi, Little Abitibi, are well-known rivers and were navigable 

 except under extremely low water conditions. They are fast running rivers 

 flowing in deep ravines and water power could be developed in a number of 

 places. 



The Bad River and Little Cedar Creek are not navigable except in high 

 water. They are fast running rivers with occasional water falls of ten to fifteen 

 feet sheer drop. 



All the foregoing rivers have stony or rocky river beds and stony clay banks. 

 The cut banks along rivers are of gravelly clay. 



Minerals 



No minerals or mineral ore were seen. The only rock seen was in the form 

 of red granite rock ridges and in almost every case totally covered with deep 

 moss and thick bush. 



All townships surveyed are comparatively flat except the Township of 

 Lewers and Ganong. These townships are considerably higher and consist of 

 low rocky hills covered with dense spruce, jack pine, birch and poplar. 



Soil 



The country surveyed is mostly muskeg and fairly low, flat and wet. The 

 subsoil is a good clay loam, but the country needs drainage very badly. The 

 muskegs do not seem to get drainage to the rivers, although the rivers generally 

 flow in deep ravines from 50 to 150 feet in depth. 



The Townships of Lewers and Ganong are higher and consist of sand and 

 rocky low ridges with heavy timber. The rock is mostly very near the surface 

 and just covered with deep moss. There is generally good black loam soil 

 along all rivers and streams. The subsoil is generally grey clay. Most all 

 river cut banks show gray clay surfaces. 



Climate 



The climate is excellent. Apparently, the summer is about the same as 

 Toronto, except that the evenings are a little cooler. No summer frosts occurred 

 during June, July, August and September, up to the 15th, the close of the survey. 



It was noticeable that heavy clouds blew up suddenly and often from the 

 northwest, but did not cause rain unless wind changed rapidly to south or east 

 in which case rain fell. 



