APPENDIX III.— MAMMALS 483 



ElepJias a. capensis has the forehead falling off towards the temporal 

 cavities, so that it appears much arched ; the ears are enormously large, 

 and are shaped like a square, with rounded corners, to which is fastened a 

 small, sharply pointed angular process. 



Elephas a. cyclotis has the ear also very large, but of quite a different 

 shape ; it is oval, with the attached process in the shape of a half- 

 ellipse. The skin is finely tessellated, and the colour a paler grey than 

 in the following race. 



Elephas a. oxyotis has the ear considerably smaller and in the shape of 

 a semicircle, to which is attached in front a very sharply pointed angular 

 lappet. 



Elephas a. knoc/ien/iaueri, finally, has the smallest ears, and these are 

 triangular, with an angulated pointed lappet in front. .\11 these forms 

 also show cranial differences which, however, cannot be adequately dealt 

 with here. Mr. Powell-Cotton found elephants on the Hawash, at 

 Shimerler Jowee, and towards Metemmeh, but none with big tusks. 



Hystrix africa-aii straits (Peters). African Porcupine. 



The utmost confusion used to prevail in connection with the e.xisting 

 porcupines of the genus Hystrix. Some zoologists assert that they are all 

 one species, while others divide them into twenty-seven different species. 

 At present twelve forms are generally recognised as distinct species, of 

 which three inhabit Africa. Hystrix cristata is confined to North Africa 

 and Egypt proper in Africa, though found also in South Europe and 

 Western Asia ; Histrix galeata is confined, as far so we know, to Eastern 

 Africa (Lamu) ; while the species of which I am here treating has a rather 

 curious distribution, occurring all over East Africa, in Central Africa, from 

 Zanzibar to the Cape Colony, Angola, the Gambia, Senegal, and the 

 Western Soudan, but being absent, so far as I can ascertain from the Congo 

 region. 



No. and Sex. Locality. Date. Weight. Elevation. 



22 <5 Gurgura 1. 12.99 28 lbs. 4150 feet. 



One of a pair seen going down a burrow ; this was the only time any 

 were encountered, though their tracks were often observed and their burrows 

 found on several occasions. 



Leptts berheranus (Heuglin). Somali Hare. 

 (Native name, " Chintel.") 



The species of hare are still somewhat in confusion ; for while older 

 authors were inclined to increase the species indefinitely, English 

 ;;oologists have been disposed to " lump " too many together, and are only 



