AFFECTIONS OF THE TURBINATED BONES IN THE HORSE. 1 7 



again, resemble the naso-pharyngeal polypi of man, and extend in all 

 directions, invading the bone, and filling up the sinuses. This last 

 variety, common in the dog, is exceptional in the horse ; but a benign 

 polypus, when of large volume, may push aside the nasal septum and 

 the turbinals and raise the nasal bone, completely blocking the nasal 

 cavity and deforming the face. Sarcomata, which are much rarer 

 than polypi, extend to the bones forming the nose, and usually 

 acquire large dimensions in a very short time. Epitheliomata (pave- 

 ment, or cylindric celled) are equally rare. They rapidly seize on the 

 lymphatics, and produce metastatic inflammation of the submaxillary 

 gland. 



Treatment is limited to benign tumours, /. e. to polypi. Several 

 cases of spontaneous cure have been related. The tumour has finally 

 been expelled during snorting or coughing. Such a termination, 

 however, is rare, and must not often be looked for. Ablation should 

 be performed by the method I shall describe in speaking of disease of 

 the upper turbinated bone. 



Under the name of mucous degeneration of the turbinated bones, 

 Sand has described in the colt an affection of these parts, and of the 

 bones of the nose and face, the symptoms of which recall those of 

 inflammatory hypertrophy of the turbinated bones, and of tumours in 

 the nasal cavities. 



It is marked by unilateral muco-purulent discharge, by diffuse 

 swelling about the nose and sinuses on one side of the face, and by 

 abnormal breathing sounds, due to partial obstruction of the nasal 

 cavity. The swollen parts of the facial bones are thinned, parchment- 

 like, or softened, and appear to fluctuate. -As a general rule these 

 symptoms are first noted in the region of the maxillary sinuses, then 

 in that of the frontal sinus. If a puncture be made over the centre of 

 the swelling, and a probe introduced into the sinus, the instrument 

 passes in all directions through a non-resisting tissue. 



When the condition is bilateral, respiratory disturbance maj' be so 

 severe as to threaten suffocation and necessitate tracheotomy. 



Sand lays stress on the special anatomical changes in this affec- 

 tion, which he states are different from those of inflammatory hyper- 

 trophy of the turbinated bones and empyema of the sinuses. The 

 most striking points are the dilatation of the sinuses, and of those 

 portions of the turbinated bones contributing to their formation ; 

 the destruction of the bony walls of the sinuses and of the parchment- 

 like leaf of the turbinated bones, or, more frequently, the replacement 

 of a bony by a mucous tissue engorged with liquid ; finally, the 



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