1 8 CLINICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 



accumulation of a serous exudate in the sinuses, whose orifice of 

 communication with the nasal cavity has disappeared. 



The cause of the disease is obscure. It seems always to appear in 

 young animals. In some cases it makes rapid progress ; in others, on 

 the contrary, it is chronic, develops very slowly, and only produces 

 functional disturbance after the lapse of years. 



Treatment is similar to that of catarrhal inflammation of the 

 mucous membrane of the sinuses : trephining, drainage, and anti- 

 septic injections. Sand states that these methods usually suffice to 

 arrest or cure recent cases. 



Collections of pus in, and necrosis of the turbinated bones, have 

 sometimes been regarded as due to glanders. A certain number of 

 cases, most of them recent, have shown that such complications may, 

 however, be purely local in character, sometimes consequent on acute 

 inflammation of the pituitary membrane, caries of the last molars, 

 indirect injury of the turbinated bones through the bones of the face, 

 or direct injury through the nostrils. 



On post-mortem examination I have never found necrosis of the 

 turbinated bones as a primary affection, and had often debated with 

 myself whether published cases were not complications of hyper- 

 trophic rhinitis, or of Sand's disease, until last week I saw the case to 

 which I referred at the commencement of this lecture. The facts are 

 as follows : 



On the afternoon of the 4th May one of my colleagues * sent me 

 a twelve-year-old mare, which had been ill for a fortnight. The 

 condition was indicated by discharge from the nostrils, and had at 

 first been regarded as due to a trifling sore throat. The discharge 

 from the right nostril, however, persisted, and later increased and 

 grew foetid. 



On the 3rd May the animal's condition suddenly became aggra- 

 vated. The patient was greatly depressed, had difficulty in standing, 

 and refused food. It was sent to the College. On arrival it could 

 only be kept on its legs for a short time by partially lifting it with 

 wooden bars, and soon had to be let down on the straw. Its coma- 

 tose condition, the paralytic symptoms, diminution of general sensi- 

 bility, and contraction of the pupil, indicated some affection of the 

 meninges and brain. On the other hand, the foetid discharge running 

 from the right nostril, and trifling sweUing of the submaxillary glands, 



* An outside practitioner. It is usual in France for a professor thus to refer to a prac- 

 titioner, or for one practitioner to refer to another. Unfortunately we do not use the term 

 quite in this sense, and I cannot translate it more exactly. — Jno. A. W. D. 



