58 CLINICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 



in size, and becomes covered with circular ridges and depressions, 

 which either extend to the whole organ or only to a part. Infil- 

 tration of the subcutaneous connective tissue slowly advances. This 

 layer and the skin undergo a hardening process, the folds disappear, 

 and in time the penis may become five to ten times larger than normal. 

 It then appears as a heavy cylindrical mass which swings about during 

 movement ; its upper part is covered by the exposed and distended skin 

 of the sheath, between which and the scrotum there is no distinct line of 

 delimitation. When animals are kept in this condition the penis is 

 exposed to continual irritation, in consequence of which, and also of 

 trophic disturbance, the skin ulcerates, or patches become gangrenous, 

 particularly about the lower parts. In one case you saw on the glans 

 penis an ulcer as large as a two-shilling piece, produced by mortification, 

 of a fragment of skin ; the walls of this ulcer were covered with old- 

 standing indolent granulations. 



In some cases paralysis of the penis becomes cured naturally ; 

 infiltration of the tissues gradually diminishes, and finally disappears ; 

 but much more frequently it persists even when rationally treated. 

 The chief methods resorted to consist in superficial scarification, or 

 light needle firing, douches, stimulant applications, repeated compression 

 with a rubber bandage, and electricity. The most used are scarification, 

 firing, and cold water treatment. Ten to fifteen narrow perforations 

 are made with the bistoury or cautery around the swollen mass. If 

 necessary, haemorrhage is arrested by cold applications ; on the following 

 days three or four spray douches are given, lasting for five to ten minutes. 

 In a few instances you have seen these methods succeed, but in the 

 greater number they are disappointing. 



Failing improvement, the animals may be worked by protecting the 

 penis with a suspensory bandage or a leather sheath fixed to the 

 breeching, and kept in position by one or more straps passed over the 

 lumbar region ; but by rubbing, the sheath often irritates the penis and 

 favours the production, and afterwards the extension, of injuries like 

 those of which I have just been speaking. 



Where paralysis is of old standing, or malignant tumours exist, it is 

 necessary to amputate the penis. 



In the case of new growths excision, to give lasting results, must be 

 performed through a healthy portion of the penis, a little above the 

 upper margin of the tumour. When operating for paralysis, the penis 

 is cut through between the middle and upper thirds. 



The different operative methods are as follows : 



Amputation b}- ligature is more than a centur}' old. Huzard used it 



