SIMPLE PNEUMONIA IN THE HORSE. 17I 



On the fourth da}- (that is the seventh of the disease) improvement 

 was again marked. The animal was brighter and more h\ely. and ate 

 all its food. The temperature was only 38'5° C. (ioi"3° F.), the tubal 

 sound was feebler, and crepitation was returning. 



The last S3-mptoms soon disappeared, and the patient being con- 

 valescent left hospital. It had remained about twelve days. 



This first horse illustrated in a remarkable degree the regular deve- 

 lopment of pneumonia ; it was, in fact, a typical case of what is termed 

 simple pneumonia. 



The second patient, brought to the College on the evening of the- 

 19th April, was a five-year-old entire horse, from a stable in which, 

 during the preceding weeks, several cases of pneumonia had occurred. 

 On the morning of entering hospital the horse had made a journe}- at a 

 slow trot, and though it appeared less willing than usual, this was 

 attributed to fatigue and the hard work of the previous few days. On 

 returning at midda}- it refused food, and was seen to be dull and to be 

 " blowing " slightly. 



At six o'clock when we examined it the animal showed unmistakable 

 signs of a grave morbid condition, which, according to the information 

 furnished, would appear to have been pneumonia. The patient was 

 greatly depressed, the conjunctiva injected, the mouth dr} and hot, the 

 pulse seventy per minute, the respirations forty-eight, and the tempera- 

 ture 40*3'^ C. (I04"3° F.). Auscultation and percussion of the chest 

 revealed no abnormal sound either in the lungs or the heart. All that 

 was noticed was a certain exaggeration of the \esicular murmur, and 

 impulse of the heart. 



I prescribed mustard plasters to the chest, friction with mustard to 

 the limbs, and the internal administration of six ounces of alcohol, four 

 drachms of sulphate of quinine, and one and a half ounces of bicar- 

 bonate of soda. The animal \vas given gruel and milk e\ery two hours. 

 At a later stage we also had recourse to digitalis, calomel, subcutaneous 

 injections of serum and of ether, and finally to warm carbolic enemata. 



On the two following days the temperature remained between 40*5° 

 and 41° C. (104-9° and 105-8° F.), the respirations thirty-five to forty^ 

 and the pulse seventy to eighty per minute. There was trifiing cough 

 and very little discharge. On the 22nd percussion revealed dulness 

 o\er the lower half of both pulmonary lobes ; on auscultation moist 

 crepitus was heard. During the following days the area of dulness and 

 crepitation increased, especially on the right side ; respiration became 

 difficult, expiration sighing, and the heart's action violent, while fever 

 remained intense. Each afternoon the patient was well co\'ered up,. 



