T78 CLINICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 



Among igo patients treated in his clinique, M. Trasbot only saw twelve 

 cases. It produces general symptoms resembling those of pulmonary 

 suppuration, and almost always rapidly leads to death. The principal 

 symptoms are intense fever, with marked oscillation of temperature ; 

 profound depression ; violent heart's action ; loss of pulse ; coldness of 

 the extremities, and double-sided putrid discharge from the nostrils. 

 It is well to remember, however, that putrid discharge is not (as many 

 believe) an infallible sign of pulmonary gangrene ; it may result from 

 putrefaction of exudate in the dilated bronchioles. 



Simple pneumonia very seldom assumes the chronic form. When 

 this occurs certain symptoms disappear, but the cough, discharge, and 

 difficulty in breathing persist, and the animals remain thin, feeble, and 

 incapable of any considerable effort. 



Let us now glance at the anatomical changes during the different 

 stages of simple pneumonia. I have said that the disease is usually 

 localised in one lobe, of which a greater or less area is invaded ; it 

 never occurs at several irregular centres, as is often the case in con- 

 tagious pneumonia. 



During the period of engorgement the diseased portion of lung is 

 hyperaemic, iniiltrated, and cedematous. It seems swollen and deep 

 red or violet in colour ; its tissue is denser, firmer, less elastic, and less 

 crepitant than usual. Sections are smooth, of a livid red or marbled 

 appearance, and the cut surfaces discharge large quantities of reddish 

 sanguinolent or frothy serosity. The alveolar texture of the lung, 

 however, can still be distinguished. Microscopic examination shows 

 the capillary vessels to be dilated, engorged with blood, or ruptured. 

 The epithelium lining the alveoli is partly shed, and the spaces them- 

 selves are filled with a liquid exudate containing large numbers of 

 leucocytes, red blood-corpuscles, and multinuclear cells of epithelial 

 origin. A similar exudate is found in the interlobular spaces, which 

 are thickened, infiltrated, and cedematous. 



During the hepatisation stage the portion of lung affected is more 

 markedly swollen and no longer crepitant ; its colour is deeper ; its 

 density and compactness are increased, causing it to resemble liver, 

 and its tissue has become friable, so that it breaks down readily under 

 the pressure of the thumb, forming a reddish pulp. Fragments 

 removed from the hepatised mass, and dropped into water, slowly sink 

 to the bottom. Sections are dark reddish-brown or blackish in 

 colour, but on close examination this coloration is seen to be irre- 

 gular ; from the dark ground formed by the inflamed pulmonary tissue 

 numerous little greyish-white rounded points stand out, as though 



