190 CLINICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURC;ERY. 



mucous membrane of the mouth warm, the tongue coated, the ears and 

 extremities are cold. Movement appears painful, and the patient is 

 sometimes unsteady on its legs. In most the cough is deep, 

 paroxysmal, and accompanied by discharge of a little greyish or rusty 

 mucus, which may be streaked with blood. In some there is slight 

 haemorrhage from both nostrils, a symptom which may recur several 

 times during the course of the disease. 



Auscultation and percussion of the lung seldom reveal any modifi- 

 cation in the pulmonary sounds or pulmonary resonance. The earlv 

 lesions appear to affect the deeper seated portions of the lung around 

 the bronchi, the superficial layers of the affected lung remaining 

 unchanged, so that percussion and auscultation are only useful at 

 a later stage. You have seen this in many of our patients. Excep- 

 tions, how^ever, occur. In some animals various stethoscopic signs 

 like disappearance of the vesicular murmur, or the existence of crepi- 

 tation, may be noted soon after appearance of the first symptoms. In 

 one case we heard the tubal murmur on the right side after the third 

 day, the percussion sound over the corresponding lower half of the 

 thorax being simultaneously dull. . It must be remembered that cases 

 of this nature — in which the auscultation and percussion signs resemble 

 those of simple pneumonia — are somewhat frequent, because, as in that 

 disease, the pulmonary lesions may be extensive, involving an entire 

 lobe or the whole thickness of the lung almost from the first. Auscul- 

 tation over the prsecordial region reveals increase both in power and 

 frequency of the heart's action, while the two normal sounds are 

 slightly accentuated. The pulse is rapid, full, and strong, or may 

 already have become distinctly weak. 



During the stage of augmentation the first symptoms become aggra- 

 vated or variously modified, and others appear. The temperature often 

 exceeds 41° C. (i05"8° F.), and shows daily oscillations to the extent 

 of one degree or more. Respiration remains very rapid and shallow ; 

 occasionally it appears hesitating. In some patients auscultation and 

 percussion still reveal no pulmonary change. Crepitation and partial 

 dulness usually occur on the third or fourth day, murmurs and dulness 

 twenty-four or forty-eight hours later. The circulation is always rapid ; 

 the heart beats violently, the sounds being either normal or modified in 

 intensity and sometimes in rhythm ; the pulse loses its strength and 

 fulness. The conjunctiva is reddish yellow or icteric ; sometimes 

 hyperaimia is more marked, and accompanied by slight infiltration. 

 Many animals still take mashes, milk and a little hay ; some pass dry, 

 hard, coated faeces ; in almost all thirst is great ; dulness and loss of 

 strength are more marked, the gait is vacillating, and the tail hangs 



