236 CLINICAL VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 



standing, and contain degenerative centres like those in the abdomen, it 

 becomes difficult to decide whether they are primary or secondary. 



The development of equine tuberculosis is usually slow, insidious, 

 and accompanied only by disturbance common to a number of visceral 

 diseases. The first indications consist in gradually increasing weak- 

 ness, signs of fatigue, perspiration after slight exertion, capricious or 

 diminished appetite, febrile attacks, and lastly wasting. 



When the lung is invaded to a certain degree, signs of chronic 

 broncho-pneumonia or broken wind may occur ; the animal shows 

 paroxysms of coughing, dyspnoea, acceleration of the respiratory move- 

 ments, with a double, jerky, expiratory effort, and a mucous or muco- 

 purulent discharge, sometimes foetid or streaked with blood. On 

 auscultation the vesicular murmur is usually audible over the entire 

 area of both lobes, sometimes diminished, sometimes locally increased ; 

 crepitant or sibilant rales may be heard, but the tubal murmur is rare. 

 The parts continue resonant on percussion, though small areas may 

 appear partially or completely dull. At a later stage the swelling 

 formed by the enlarged tracheo-bronchial glands may in some animals 

 be seen at the entrance of the thorax and on the sides of the trachea. 

 Pulmonary tuberculosis of rapid development may at first sight give 

 the impression of pneumonia, or, if accompanied by pleural exudate, of 

 pleuro-pneumonia. 



The existence of abdominal tuberculosis is often scarcely suspected 

 until the moment of death. In occasional instances visceral lesions 

 may produce colic ; or those of the intestine cause chronic enteritis 

 with profuse diarrhoea, the fluid being blood-stained when the mucous 

 membrane is ulcerated. When the disease is suspected rectal explora- 

 tion very often reveals the presence of sublumbar swellings. 



Specific glandular enlargement may appear externally in various 

 regions, especially in the submaxillary space and in front of the chest. 

 Those in the submaxillary space have often been mistaken for glanderous 

 lesions. Ehrhardt followed the progress of a case which commenced 

 with symptoms of sore throat and swelling of the submaxillary glands. 

 For a time he suspected the animal of glanders, but three years later 

 it died from generalised tuberculosis. In a horse mentioned by Johne 

 a swelling resembling a cold abscess appeared in front of the chest, 

 over the seat of the prepectoral glands, and was removed. The wound 

 refused to heal. Shortly afterwards emaciation set in, the animal 

 appeared feeble, and the symptoms seemed to point to lesions in the 

 lungs and abdominal viscera. The nature of the disease was not 

 recognised until post-mortem examination. Robert published an almost 



